基于粒子成像技术的陕南地区降雨雨滴特征分析  

Analysis of Raindrop Characteristics of Natural Rainfall in Southern Shaanxi Based on Particle Imaging Technology

作　　者：冯倩 展小云 郭明航[1,2] 赵军 刘宝元[1,2] FENG Qian;ZHAN Xiaoyun;GUO Minghang;ZHAO Jun;LIU Baoyuan(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第4期97-104,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040202);中国科学院“十三五”信息化专项科学大数据工程项目(XXH13505-07);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室重要方向创新项目(A314021403-C3)。

摘　　要：为了研究陕南地区自然降雨雨滴特征,利用自主研发的粒子成像瞬态测量可视化仪对陕南地区宁强县次降雨进行了观测分析。结果表明:雨滴平均直径为1.08 mm,平均终点速度为3.92 m/s,平均雨滴数密度为141.63个/m 3。该次降雨过程中直径0~1 mm的雨滴数密度最大,占到总雨滴数密度的67.22%。直径1~2 mm的雨滴对降雨量的贡献率最大,达到59.31%。实测雨滴谱呈单峰结构,其中大雨及以上的雨滴谱最宽,其次为中雨,小雨的雨滴谱最窄。降雨强度波动范围为0.11~10.95 mm/h,在很大程度上受雨滴大小和数目的双重影响。该次降雨中雨滴直径与雨滴终点速度间存在密切的对数关系,其拟合曲线与Atlas-Ulbrich关系曲线非常相似。综上所述,该次降雨平均雨滴数密度相比南方地区较小,直径小于2 mm的雨滴对该次降雨贡献最大。实测雨滴谱宽度受降雨强度影响,随降雨强度的增大而增大。雨滴大小和数目共同决定降雨强度大小。雨滴直径与雨滴终点速度间关系与常用的经验关系相似。In order to study the raindrop characteristics of natural rainfall in southern Shaanxi,in-situ measurement for raindrop characteristics of natural precipitation was conducted in Ningqiang County,Shaanxi Province using a self-developed particle imaging transient measurement instrument.The results show that raindrop diameter,terminal velocity and the number concentration of raindrop are,on average,1.08 mm,3.92 m/s and 141.63 Pcs/m 3,respectively.Additionally,it can be found that 67.22%of the total number concentration of raindrop is characterized by raindrop diameter less than 1 mm.The largest contribution to rainfall intensity is the raindrops with diameters of 1~2 mm,accounting for 59.31%.For all types of rainfall,the measured raindrop spectrums exhibit the single peaks,which is in good agreement with M-P distribution.Specifically,the spectrum width of heavy rain or above is the widest,followed by the moderate rain and then the light rain.The rainfall intensity decreases gradually,which varies from 0.11 mm/h to 10.95 mm/h.Moreover,there is a remarkable logarithmic relationship between raindrop diameter and terminal velocity,which is very similar to the results of the Atlas-Ulbrich curve.In summary,the number concentration of raindrop is smaller than that in the southern region of China,and raindrops with diameter of less than 2 mm are the main predominant contributor.The spectrum width increases with the increase of rainfall.Additionally,the size and number of raindrops codetermine the rainfall intensity.Moreover,the relationship between raindrop diameter and terminal velocity is very similar to the common curve.

关 键 词：雨滴直径 雨滴终点速度 雨滴数密度 降雨强度 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S157[农业科学—土壤学]