基于分布式水沙模型的大夏河流域水沙过程演变机理  

Evolution Mechanism of Water and Sediment Processes in Daxia River Basin Based on Distributed Water and Sediment Model

作　　者：朱熠明 蓝云龙 周祖昊[2] 陈赛男 蔡静雅 刘佳嘉[2] ZHU Yiming;LAN Yunlong;ZHOU Zuhao;CHEN Sainan;CAI Jingya;LIU Jiajia(CCCC(Tianjin)Eco-Environmental Protection Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300461,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Xining Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中交(天津)生态环保设计研究院有限公司,天津300461 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]华北水利水电大学,郑州450046 [4]黄河水利委员会西宁水文水资源勘测局,西宁810008

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第4期121-127,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“未来30-50年黄河流域径流变化趋势预测”(2016YFC0402405);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室课题“黄河流域降雨径流关系时空演变及其尺度效应”(SKL2018TS04)。

摘　　要：黄河上游水沙过程受气候和土地利用变化等因素影响,年际及年内分布差异较大。选择大夏河流域为研究区,对研究区的实测径流和输沙量进行趋势性分析,应用流域分布式水沙模型(WEP-SED)模拟流域水沙过程并采用多因子归因分析方法进行分析,探究大夏河流域在变化环境下的水沙演变规律。结果表明:大夏河流域年径流量下降速率为0.85亿m 3/10 a,年输沙量下降速率为66.25万t/10 a,趋势均为负持续性,输沙量的减小幅度是径流量的1.8倍;大夏河流域水沙过程主要受汛期降水、气温以及土地利用变化的影响,降水对径流量和输沙量减少的贡献率分别为-77.0%和-90.0%,气温对两者的贡献率分别为-29.7%和-16.5%,而土地利用变化对两者的影响呈现微增作用。The water-sediment process in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is affected by factors such as climate and land use changes,and its distribution varies greatly between and within the year.The Daxia River Basin was selected as the study area to analyze the measured runoff and sediment transport data.The watershed distributed water and sediment model(WEP-SED model)was used to simulate the water and sediment processes,and the multi-factor attribution analysis method was used to analyze the water and sediment evolution patterns of the Daxia River Basin under changing environments.The results show that the annual runoff decline rate of the Daxia River Basin is 85 million m 3/decade,and the annual sediment discharge decline rate is 662500 t/decade;the trends are all negative and persistent;the reduction in sediment volume is 1.8 times that of runoff;the water and sediment processes in the Daxia River Basin are mainly affected by precipitation,temperature and land use changes during the flood season;the contribution rate of precipitation to the reduction of runoff and sediment is-77.0%and-90.0%,and the contribution rate of temperature is-29.7%and-16.5%,respectively,while the impact of land use change on runoff and sediment increases slightly.

关 键 词：水沙演变机理 分布式水沙模型 多因子归因分析方法 大夏河流域 

分 类 号：TV141[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]