饲料脂肪水平对泥鳅生长性能、脂肪酸组成和肝脏组织学的影响  

Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth Performance,Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Histology of Loach(Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus)

作　　者：高淼 王自蕊[1] 周秋白[1] 彭墨[1] 张正洲 张文平 包屹红[1] 胡重华 GAO Miao;WANG Zirui;ZHOU Qiubai;PENG Mo;ZHANG Zhengzhou;ZHANG Wenping;BAO Yihong;HU Chonghua(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding,Nanchang,P.R.China,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学动物科学技术学院,南昌市特色水生生物营养生理与健康养殖重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《饲料工业》2021年第10期6-15,共10页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金[31860732];现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助[CARS-46];江西省重点研发计划[20161ACF60020];江西省现代农业协同创新计划专项[JXXTCX201602-02];江西省大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系[JXARS]。

摘　　要：为研究饲料脂肪水平对泥鳅生长性能、脂肪酸组成和肝脏组织学的影响。选取3920尾体质健壮、活力较强、无病无伤的泥鳅(体重约0.42 g),随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复140尾,分别投喂脂肪含量为7.92%、8.65%、9.35%、11.94%、13.13%、15.34%、16.71%的7组等氮饲料,记为F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6组和F7组,养殖周期60 d。结果表明,饲料脂肪水平对泥鳅的生长性能有影响,F3组可以获得最大的末均重和增重率,F3组蛋白质效率最大,显著高于F1组(P<0.05);F1、F2、F3组泥鳅肝脏显微结构相对比较完善,F4、F5组细胞质溶失现象较少,细胞核出现不明显的偏移,F6组出现大量白色透明空泡,F7组肝细胞排列不紧密,细胞质溶失现象较多,细胞间界限模糊。饲料脂肪水平对泥鳅全鱼的脂肪酸组成有影响,全鱼中EPA、ΣSFA、ΣMUFA的含量和Σn-3/Σn-6的含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而减小,ΣPUFA、ΣUFA的含量和Σn-6的含量,随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而增加;DHA、Σn-3、DHA+EPA的含量随着饲料脂肪水平的升高表现为先升高后降低的趋势,F2组DHA的含量和DHA+EPA的含量最多,显著高于F5、F6组(P<0.05);F4组Σn-3的含量最多,显著高于F1、F6组(P<0.05),但与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);全鱼的ARA含量各组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中适宜的脂肪水平可以促进泥鳅生长,但饲料脂肪水平过高会抑制生长,导致肝细胞损伤、脂质沉积。用折线模型分析泥鳅的增重率、蛋白质效率与饲料脂肪水平之间的关系,得出泥鳅生长需要适宜的饲料脂肪水平为9.05%~9.68%。In order to study the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid compo⁃sition and liver histology of loach.A total of 3920 loach with strong physique,strong vitality and no disease or injury(body weight 0.42 g)were selected.They were randomly divided into seven groups with four replicates in each group,each with 140 replicates,and fed seven groups of isonitrogenous diets with lipid content of 7.92%,8.65%,9.35%,11.94%,13.13%,15.34%and 16.71%,respectively.It was marked F1,F2,F3,F4,F5,F6 and F7,respectively.The experimental period was 60 days.The results showed that the di⁃etary lipid level had an effect on the growth performance of loach.F3 group could obtain the maximum fi⁃nal average weight and weight gain rate,and the protein efficiency of F3 group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of F1 group(P<0.05).The microstructure of liver of loach in F1,F2 and F3 groups was relatively perfect,while the dissolution of cytoplasm in F4 and F5 groups was less,and the nucleus showed no obvious shift.A large number of white transparent vacuoles appeared in F6 group.In F7 group,the arrangement of hepatocytes was not tight,the phenomenon of cytoplasmic dissolu⁃tion was more,and the boundary between cells was blurred.Dietary lipid level had an effect on the fatty acid composition of loach.The contents of EPA,ΣSFA,ΣMUFA andΣn-3/Σn-6 in fish decreased with the increase of dietary lipid level,while the contents ofΣPUFA,ΣUFA andΣn-6 increased with the increase of dietary lipid level.With the increase of dietary lipid level,the contents of DHA,Σn-3 and DHA+EPA increased at first and then decreased,and the contents of DHA and DHA+EPA in F2 group were the most,which were significantly higher than those in F5 and F6 groups(P<0.05).The cont⁃en ofΣn-3 in group F4 was the most,which was significantly higher than in F1 and F6 groups(P<0.05),But there was no significant difference between them and oter groups(P>0.05).There was no sig⁃nificant difference in ARA content among the

关 键 词：泥鳅 脂肪 生长性能 肝脏结构 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]