“伯或征邵”与晚商沚族——兼论卜辞地名地理研究在古文字考释中的辅助作用  

On ’Bohuo’s Punitive Expedition against Shao’ and the Zhi Clan in the Late Shang Dynasty and the Role of Oracle Bone Inscription Studies in the Exegesis of Palaeography

作　　者：陈絜[1] Chen Jie

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2021年第4期4-19,108,共17页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社科重大项目“出土先秦文献地理资料整理与研究及地图编绘”(项目编号:18ZDA176)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：殷墟花园庄东地所出子卜辞,所记载的地名体系以两条交通路线为核心,第一条交通线中所涉及的商、■、卲、觞、剟和索诸地,基本属于商末征人方的经由地,可见花东卜辞所牵涉的地理范围是在今山东境内,其中自然包括"伯或征卲"这一重要历史事件的发生地"卲"。"伯或征卲"也即是武丁王卜辞中的"沚或征召",经考证可知,召地在今山东莱芜一带,而沚族则盘踞在鲁中柴汶与嬴汶之间,也即今泰安、新泰与莱芜交界地带。"沚或征召"事件,显然是武丁时期实施于东土的"以夷制夷"政策的一个折射。沚地范围的卡定,则为殷商早期■、土二方之乱的重新梳理与商代民族史研究,提供了全新的地理依据。武丁王卜辞地名系统、花东子卜辞地名系统及商末王卜辞地名系统之间,存在大量的重叠现象,此于晚商政治地理的勾画复原以及商代古史的重建,具有重要学术价值。此外,卜辞地理的研究,亦有助于甲骨疑难文字的考释。The Zi oracle inscription excavated in the Huadong site of the Yinxu Ruins presents the place names, which are systematically connected with the two routes running east-west and south-north in geography. Shang( 商), You( ?), Shao( 卲), Shang( 觞), Duo( 剟) and Suo( 索) along one of the routes are the places King Zhou passed through for a punitive expedition against the Renfang in the late Shang Dynasty, which indicates the geographical area in the Huadong oracle inscription is within present-day Shandong Province including ‘Shao’, in which ‘Bohuo’s Punitive War on Shao( 伯或征卲)’ took place in history. This historical event is called ‘Zhihuo’s Punitive War on Shao( 沚 或 征 召)’ in King Wuding’s inscription. As the result of textual research and geographical investigation, ‘Shao( 召)’ lies in present Laiwu of Shandong Province, while the Zhi( 沚) clan settled down between Chaiwen and Yingwen of the central Shandong Province, the border area between present-day Tai’an, Xintai and Laiwu areas. The event of ‘Zhihuo’s Punitive War on Shao( 沚或征召)’ is the implementation of King Wuding’s strategy to the east territory to play off one power against another. The confirmation of the geographical scope of ‘Zhi( 沚) ’supports the further study of both the Gong(■)-Tu( 土) Rebellion taking place in the early Shang dynasty and the ethnic history of the Shang Dynasty. There are so many duplicates of the geographical names between the oracle inscriptions of King Wuding and Huadongzi and King Zhou informatively valuable to retrieve the geographical political pattern and the history of the ancient Shang Dynasty. The interpretation from the angle of geography is much help to make sense of the puzzling characters of oracle inscriptions anyhow.

关 键 词：商代 花东卜辞 地理 民族 古史重建 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H121[历史地理—历史学]