文物建筑色彩面层的视觉性质与材料做法初探——以传统矿物颜料“石青”(蓝铜矿)为例  

An Approach to Colored Coating for Chinese Historical Architecture for Visual Properties and Processing Technics: with the Case Study of ’Azurite’(Shíqīng)

作　　者：李路珂[1] 石艺苑 宋文雯[3] Li Luke;Shi Yiyuan;Song Wenwen

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院建筑历史与理论研究所 [2]清华大学建筑学院 [3]清华大学艺术与科学研究中心色彩研究所

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2021年第4期65-94,110,111,共32页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目编号:17ZDA185;19ZDA199);国家自然科学基金(项目编号:51678325);清华大学自主科研计划(项目编号:20151080466、20185080030)的基金资助。

摘　　要：石青(蓝铜矿)是中国清晚期以前建筑彩画最常用的颜料之一,现在仍作为高级绘画颜料生产和使用。本文试图以石青为例,建立一个针对文物建筑色彩面层的材料做法与视觉性质的实验、测量和分析的方法论框架,以及一个用于初步比对的基础数据库。首先,采用文献与实物互证的方法,考察了石青的命名和应用史,并基于工艺类型的研究,收集了不同工艺背景下的典型石青样本,根据《营造法式》的记载进行了彩画工艺复原模拟,制作出28个石青样块。然后,基于色度学的标准测量和分析方法,以及显微镜下的颗粒形态观察,探讨了石青样本的色度数值分布规律,及其视觉性质所受颗粒形态及工艺类型的影响。在此基础上,本文对石青颜色的定量描述方法提出了新的见解。在上述框架下继续扩充实验样本和数据,将逐渐完善我们对传统颜料和传统颜色的认知。Azurite, a soft, deep blue copper mineral called Shíqīng in Chinese pinyin, proceeded as a fine natural pigment most commonly used on Chinese historical architecture before the late Qing Dynasty of China. This thesis, taking Azurite as a sample, proceeds from reviewing its naming and application history by mutual verification of documents and objects, gathering the typical Shiqing samples with different technological requirements and making 28 pieces of Shiqing samples following the processing procedure standard in the Rules of Architecture, then testing the regularities of distribution of the color saturation value of Shiqing samples, the way that particle morphology and type of technique affect the visual properties employing the colorimetric and the optical microscopy methods and the microscopic morphology of particles, and finally coming up with the ideas on quantitative description of Shiqing colors. The project aims for a systematic methodological framework for experiment, measurement and analysis of material processing and visual properties applied to the color coatings for the historical Chinese architecture and the database for contrast analysis. It is expected to gain more knowledge about traditional pigments and colors from supplementary experimental samples and data this way.

关 键 词：《营造法式》彩画作 叠晕 色彩复原 色度学 天然矿物颜料 石青 蓝铜矿 

分 类 号：J212.7[艺术—美术] K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]