元上都与元中都遗址出土琉璃瓦胎体的检测分析  

A Detection and Analysis of the Glazed Tiles’ Cast Body from the Sites of Shangdu and Zhongdu of the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：温睿[1] 石若瑀 宝力格 赵学锋 贺源 陈港娟 Wen Rui;Shi Ruoyu;Bao Lige;Zhao Xuefeng;He Yuan;Cheng Gangjuan

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室 [2]锡林郭勒盟元上都文化遗产管理局 [3]河北省张北县元中都遗址保护区管理处 [4]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2021年第4期95-103,111,共10页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:11575142);西北大学文化遗产学院研究生自主创新项目(项目编号:2020wyycy-10)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：元代是中国琉璃瓦制作技术发展的重要时期。为探索元代早期和中期琉璃瓦的制作工艺、水平与特点,本文运用X射线荧光分析仪、X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜与称重法,对元上都与元中都琉璃瓦胎体的组成成分、显微结构、工艺细节和吸水率进行了测试分析。结果显示,两处遗址出土样品的胎体工艺类似,原料均为北方普通易熔黏土。相较于传统琉璃瓦,元中都遗址样品胎体成分特殊,采用了高Mg黏土,提升了琉璃瓦的品质。这一结论对于研究琉璃瓦烧造工艺的转变具有一定意义,为探索中国琉璃瓦工艺发展史提供一定依据。The Yuan is an important period of developing the techniques applied to making Chinese architectural glazed tiles. This report, with the case of the glazed tiles unearthed in the sites of the Yuan Dadu and Zhongdu, detects and analyzes the tiles’ cast body in composition microstructure, process details and bibulous rate employing X-ray fluorescence analyzer, X-ray diffractometer, polarizing microscope together with weighing method for the probe into the processing technics, level and features of the glazed tiles of the early-middle Yuan dynasty. The result indicates that the sample tiles from the two sites are close in processing techniques and both made of the common fusible clay in the north. Compared with traditional glazed tiles, the sample tiles of the Yuan Zhongdu site are improved in quality containing high-MG clay in the raw material. This conclusion supports the study of the transformation and development of glazed tile firing technology of Chinese glazed tiles in history.

关 键 词：元上都 元中都 琉璃瓦胎体 生产工艺 化学成分 显微结构 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TQ174.767[历史地理—历史学]