绿豆与夏玉米田3种优势杂草的竞争效应  

Competitive effects of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) on the growth of three dominant weeds in summer maize fields

作　　者：刘小民[1] 李杰 许贤[1] 赵铂锤 李秉华[1] 刘少兴 王贵启[1] LIU Xiao-min;LI Jie;XU Xian;ZHAO Bo-chui;LI Bing-hua;LIU Shao-xing;WANG Gui-qi(Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei Province,Institute of Cereal and oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Shijiazhuang Development and ReformCommission,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省作物栽培生理与绿色生产重点实验室,河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050035 [2]河北省石家庄市发展和改革委员会,石家庄050011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第5期1324-1330,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200607)资助。

摘　　要：马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)是黄淮海夏玉米田普遍发生的3种优势恶性杂草。为研发出有效控制其危害的杂草绿色防控技术,本文以绿豆和马唐、牛筋草和反枝苋3种杂草为试验对象,采用De Wit取代法,研究了不同比例下,绿豆与3种杂草的竞争效应。结果表明:马唐、牛筋草和反枝苋的株高、生物量随着绿豆与杂草混种比例的增加而逐渐减少;绿豆与杂草混种比例越高,杂草的株高及生物量越小;当绿豆与杂草混种比例为3∶1时,马唐、牛筋草及反枝苋的株高分别较其单种时降低19.4%、17.9%和14.7%,干重减少71.7%、78.0%和38.2%;禾本科杂草马唐和牛筋草在各混种比例下,分蘖数均较其单种时显著减少(P<0.05),而阔叶杂草反枝苋仅在绿豆与其混种比例为3∶1条件下,侧枝数较单种时显著减少(P<0.05);绿豆与杂草混种时,马唐、牛筋草及反枝苋的相对生物量均显著小于1.0(P<0.05);随着绿豆混种比例的增加,杂草相对生物量逐渐减少;绿豆对3种恶性杂草均具有竞争力,其竞争能力随其密度的增加而增大;其中,绿豆对马唐和牛筋草的竞争平衡指数显著大于0(P<0.05),而绿豆与反枝苋仅在混种比例为3∶1时,竞争平衡指数显著大于0(P<0.05),表明绿豆对禾本科杂草马唐和牛筋草的竞争能力显著高于阔叶杂草反枝苋。Crabgrass(Digitaria sanguinalis),goosegrass(Eleusine indica),redroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexus) are the three dominant weed species in summer maize fields.To get more scientific weed control strategies,we adapted the De Wit replacement series design to examine the competitive effects of mung bean on the three weed species under different mixed ratios.Results showed that plant height and biomass of crabgrass,goosegrass,and pigweed decreased with increasing mixed ratios of mung bean and weeds.Compared with the monoculture,plant height of crabgrass,goosegrass and pigweed decreased by 19.4%,17.9%,and 14.7%,and dry weight decreased by 71.7%,78.0%,and 38.2%,respectively,when the ratio was 3 ∶ 1.Under mixtures,the number of tillers of crabgrass and goosegrass was significantly reduced under different mixed ratios.However,side shoot number of pigweed decreased significantly only at the mix ratio of 3 ∶ 1(P<0.05).Under different mixed ratios,the relative biomass of crabgrass,goosegrass and pigweed was lower than 1.0(P<0.05).Relative biomass of weeds decreased with the increasing mixed ratio of mung bean.Our results indicated that mung bean was strong competitive to the three dominant weeds,and the competitive ability increased with its density.Competitive balance index between mung bean and crabgrass or goosegrass was significantly greater than 0(P<0.05),but that between mung bean and pigweed was significantly greater than 0 only at the higher mixed ratio(3 ∶ 1)(P < 0.05),indicating that competitive ability of mung bean to the grass weeds was greater than the broadleaved weeds.

关 键 词：绿豆 杂草 竞争效应 竞争平衡指数 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] S522S513