机插密度对中籼杂交稻产量和品质的影响及其与冠层光分布的关系  

Effects of machine-transplanted densities on yield and quality of middle-season indica hybrid rice and its relationships with photosynthetically active radiation inside canopy

作　　者：何海兵[1] 任浩杰 时强强 李刚华[2] 吴小文 尤翠翠[1] 柯健[1] 朱德泉[4] 武立权[1,5] HE Hai-bing;REN Hao-jie;SHI Qiang-qiang;LI Gang-hua;WU Xiao-wen;YOU Cui-cui;KE Jian;ZHU De-quan;WU Li-quan(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural Universi-ty,Hefei 230036,China;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing210095,China;Lujiang Agro-technology Extension Center,Hefei 231501,China;School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innoation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095 [3]庐江县农技推广中心,合肥231501 [4]安徽农业大学工学院,合犯230036 [5]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第5期1375-1385,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2016YFD0300505和2016YFD0300608)资助。

摘　　要：于2017—2018年通过设置机插密度处理开展大田小区试验,以期探明机插中籼杂交稻丰产优质协同形成的适宜密度及冠层光合有效辐射作用机理。结果表明:徽两优898、丰两优香1号和Y两优900等所有参试品种的产量水平在中密度(D19和D21)处理下最高,显著高于高密度(D24和D25)和低密度处理(D17;P<0.05),密度为20.52×104穴·hm^(-2)时可获得最高产量(9.91×103kg·hm^(-2))。中密度高产形成主要得益于较大的群体颖花量、灌浆期更高的日增长速率以及抽穗后较高的冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)截获率和利用率。随着密度增加,3个品种加工品质和外观品质均不同程度变劣,中密度下加工品质和外观品质与低密度差异不显著(P>0.05),而食味值在处理间的差异较小(P>0.05)。冠层顶部20~60 cm的PAR分布量随密度降低明显增加,但机插密度对冠层其他位点的PAR影响不显著(P>0.05)。分析表明,20~60 cm的PAR分布量与加工品质呈显著正线性相关(P<0.05),与外观品质显著负线性相关(P<0.05);仅顶部40~60 cm冠层内PAR分布量与产量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。由此表明,机插中籼杂交稻优质高产形成的适宜密度为19×104~21×104穴·hm^(-2),其通过提高冠层顶部20~40 cm的PAR分布,同时降低冠层40~60 cm的PAR分布协调优质高产。We explored the effects of machine-plantation densities on yield and quality formation of indica hybrid rice based on the distribution characteristics of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) inside the canopy.A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 with three rice cultivars,Huiliangyou-898,Fengliangyouxiang-1,and Y-Liangyou-900.There were six density treatments,including 17×104hills·hm^(-2)(D17),19×104hills·hm^(-2)(D19),21×104hills·hm^(-2)(D21),23×104hills·hm^(-2)(D23),24×104hills·hm^(-2)(D24),and 25×104hills·hm^(-2)(D25).The results showed that the densities significantly affected yield.Generally,the maximum value of grain yield was observed in the D19 treatment in 2018 and in the D21 treatment in 2017,and then followed by high density treatments (D24 and D25) and low density treatment(D17) across both cultivars each year.The fitted equation indicated that the highest grain yield of middle-season indica hybrid rice was 9.91×103kg·hm^(-2)when the density was 20.52×104hills·hm^(-2)in machine-transplanted condition in this region.Higher daily crop growth rate during grain filling,greater PAR interception,and larger PAR use efficiency were key factors driving higher grain yield in medium density treatments than that in high density treatments and low density treatment across cultivars.For the three tested cultivars,both processing qualities and appearance qualities were continuously deteriorated with increasing planting density.There was no significant difference among D17 treatment,D19 treatment,and D21 treatment (P>0.05).Meanwhile,there was little difference among the D19,D23,and D24 treatments for eating quality of cultivar Huiliangyou-898 and cultivar Y-Liangyou-900.Densities mainly affected the PAR of 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm from top of canopy,with PAR at 20-60 cm from top of canopy being negatively correlated with planting density.The PAR inside of 20-60 cm canopy was positively correlated with processing qualities,but negatively correlated with appearance qualities (P<0.05).However

关 键 词：中籼杂交稻 机插栽培 冠层光合有效辐射 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]