山西省主要粮食作物气候资源利用率评估  

Evaluation of climate resource utilization rate of main grain crops in Shanxi Province

作　　者：栾青[1,2] 郭建平 马雅丽[1] 米晓楠[1] 张丽敏[2,4] 李孟蔚[1] LUAN Qing;GUO Jian-ping;MA Ya-li;MI Xiao-nan;ZHANG Li-min;LI Meng-wei(Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan 030006,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Collaborative Innouation Center on Forecast and Eualuation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing Uninersity of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing210044,China;Huludao Meteorological Bureau,Huludao 125000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省气候中心,太原03006 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [4]葫芦岛市气象局,辽宁葫芦岛125000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第5期1386-1396,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571559);中国气象科学研究院科技发展基金(2019KJ006);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306038);山西省气象局重点项目(SXKZDQH20217101)资助。

摘　　要：分析和评价区域农业气候资源状况,找出影响农业气候资源有效匹配的限制因子,提高农业气候资源利用率,对促进农业生产、提升农业产能具有重要的实践意义。本文基于山西省1981—2018年108个地面气象观测站的逐日气温、降水、日照等气象资料及31个农业气象观测站春玉米、夏玉米和冬小麦的发育期观测资料,采用平均资源适宜指数、平均效能适宜指数和平均资源利用指数分析了山西省不同作物种植区的气候资源适宜程度、匹配状况和利用率,结果表明:(1)山西省春玉米种植区大部气候资源适宜程度、匹配程度和利用率均较高,西部呈增加趋势、中东部大部呈降低趋势;朔州和忻州中西部温度偏低,制约了该区域光、温、水的合理匹配,利用率较低。(2)山西省夏玉米种植区气候资源适宜度较高,但匹配一般,尤其是运城中西部受降水偏少的影响,气候资源利用率相对较低;全区大部夏玉米气候资源适宜程度、匹配状况及利用率均呈下降趋势。(3)山西省冬小麦种植区平均资源适宜指数、平均效能适宜指数和平均资源利用指数均呈西北低、东南高的空间分布格局,西北部降水偏少导致光、温、水匹配不佳,利用率较低,长治、晋城、临汾中部和运城东部等地资源利用率呈上升趋势,吕梁、太原、晋中和运城西部等地呈下降趋势。由此可见,晋北地区提高农业气候资源利用率的有效途径重点是提升热量资源的利用率,晋中盆地区域以提高水资源利用率为主,晋南运城及临汾盆地区域除提升水资源利用率外,还需考虑温度持续增高对作物生长发育带来的不利影响。It is of great significance for promoting agricultural production to evaluate the status of regional agricultural climate resources,find out the factors limiting the effective matching of agricultural climate resources,and improve the utilization rate of agricultural climate resources.Based on the meteorological data of daily temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours from 108 surface meteorological stations in Shanxi Province during 1981-2018 and the observation data of growth period of spring maize,summer maize and winter wheat from 31 agricultural meteorological stations,we analyzed the suitability degree,matching status and utilization rate of climate resources in different crop growing areas of Shanxi Province,using average resource suitability index,average efficacy suitability index,and average resource utilization index.The results showed that:(1) The suitability degree,matching degree and utilization rate of climate resources were high in most of the planting areas of spring maize in Shanxi Province,with a trend of increasing in the west and decreasing in the middle and eastern planting areas in Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2018.The low temperature restricted the reasonable matching of light,temperature and water to spring maize in the middle and western regions of Shuozhou and Xinzhou Prefecture,resulting in lower utilization rate.(2) The climate resource suitability was high in most of the planting areas of summer maize,but with low matching degree of climate resource.The utilization rate of climate resource to summer maize was low in western parts of Yuncheng Prefecture due to the low precipitation.The climate resource degree,matching status and utilization rate were lower in most of the summer maize planting areas.(3) The spatial distribution pattern of the average resource suitability index,average efficacy suitability index and average resource utilization index in the planting areas of winter wheat in Shanxi Province was low in the northwest and high in the southeast.The low precipitation in the

关 键 词：农业气候资源 平均资源适宜指数 平均效能适宜指数 平均资源利用指数 

分 类 号：S162.3[农业科学—农业气象学]