大蒜收获机浮动切根装置作业机理分析与参数优化  

Operation Mechanism Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Garlic Root Floating Cutting Device

作　　者：于昭洋 胡志超 杨柯 彭宝良 张延化 杨明金[1] YU Zhaoyang;HU Zhichao;YANG Ke;PENG Baoliang;ZHANG Yanhua;YANG Mingjin(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第5期111-119,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51805282);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ202024);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD070130502)。

摘　　要：为深入研究大蒜浮动切根装置的作业机理和作业质量提升技术途径,对大蒜根系浮动切割作业过程中的力学特性进行理论研究,推导了切根作业过程鳞茎碰撞动力学方程,得出鳞茎初始碰撞相对速度是影响碰撞损伤的关键参数;分析了根系滑切原理,建立了刀刃切割阻力力学模型,分析了根系群切割阻力的形成原因;运用高速摄影技术解析了鳞茎碰撞、根系群扰动和断裂等力学行为的产生过程。针对影响切根作业质量的主要因素进行了响应面试验,建立了伤蒜率、切净率预测数学模型,分析了各因素对伤蒜率、切净率的影响,并进行了综合参数优化,得到浮动切根装置较优参数组合为:输送速度1 m/s、切刀转速2 600 r/min、刃口倾斜角33°、螺旋防护栅螺距28 mm,试验测定伤蒜率为2.78%,切净率为93.17%,各项作业指标满足大蒜机械化收获切根作业要求。The research on mechanized root cutting of garlic at home and abroad is still in the exploratory and experimental stage.Two key issues that remain unresolved in mechanized root cutting of garlic are low root cutting rate and high bulb bruise rate.In order to further study the operation mechanism and optimization design of garlic root floating cutting device,the theoretical study on the mechanical properties of root floating cutting process was carried out.The dynamics equations of bulb collision during root cutting were derived,and the relative velocity of bulb collision was the key motion parameter that affected the collision damage.The principle of root sliding cutting operation was analyzed,and the cause of root group cutting resistance was analyzed by establishing mechanical models of blade cutting resistance.The process of bulb collision,root group disturbance and fracture was analyzed by high-speed photography.The mathematical models were established to predict bruise rate and root cutting rate.The effects of various factors on bruise rate and root cutting rate were analyzed and the comprehensive optimization of various factors was carried out.The bruise rate was 2.78%and the root cutting rate was 93.17%under the optimal parameters of root floating cutting device with feed speed of 1 m/s,rotational speed of the cutter of 2600 r/min,cutter angle of 33°,and spiral grating pitch of 28 mm.The research results can provide references for the research and mechanism design of garlic root cutting technique used in garlic combine harvester.

关 键 词：大蒜收获机 浮动切根装置 作业机理分析 参数优化 高速摄影 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]