连栋玻璃温室天沟结构对栽培区光环境的影响分析  

Analysis and Optimization of Greenhouse Gutter Effect on Radiation Distribution inside Multi-span Greenhouses Based on Dynamic Model

作　　者：周波 孙维拓[1] 郭文忠[1] 周宝昌 石磊 李光聚 ZHOU Bo;SUN Weituo;GUO Wenzhong;ZHOU Baochang;SHI Lei;LI Guangju(Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Shouguang Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Shouguang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100083 [3]寿光市农业农村局,寿光262700

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第5期286-292,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02011);宁夏回族自治区重点(重大)研发专项(2019BBF02010);国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心寿光试验站项目。

摘　　要：为降低北方地区连栋温室冬季生产能耗、提高温室保温性能,设计了大斜面外保温连栋玻璃温室,即寿光型智能玻璃温室。该温室采用大天沟设计,安装了外保温被及传动机构,因此形成了较宽的遮阴带,影响了栽培区的太阳辐射及温室透光率。为分析天沟尺寸对室内光环境的影响,构建了连栋温室天沟对温室栽培区内不同位置辐射强度影响的动态模型,并基于该模型对室内光环境进行了均匀性与敏感性分析。结果表明:天沟结构对栽培区内日累积辐射平均值的影响程度从大到小依次为天沟间距、天沟宽度、天沟垂直厚度和天沟高度;寿光型智能玻璃温室的天沟设计为相邻两天沟间距12.00 m、天沟水平宽度1.60 m、垂直厚度0.86 m、天沟下沿离地面高度6.30 m,可以保证栽培区内最佳的光照均匀性。不同情景下的模型模拟结果表明,为确保栽培区内光照均匀性,在栽培区内辐射强度变异系数最小的情况下,山东省寿光地区温室天沟高度、天沟垂直厚度之和与天沟间距、天沟宽度之和的比值在0.49~0.54之间。本研究可为寿光型智能玻璃温室在不同地区的设计应用提供理论依据。Indoor farming system has played an important role in precision agriculture.In recent years,many innovative greenhouses have been built in China.In order to enhance the thermal insulation of multi-span greenhouses in northern region,external thermal screen has been installed on multi-span greenhouses(Shouguang-type intelligent greenhouses).The external thermal screen and its power mechanism were installed above a large gutter.However,the larger gutter caused the lower light intensity in the greenhouse.In order to analyze the indoor light environment and optimize the gutter and greenhouse design,a dynamic model of light distribution inside the greenhouse was constructed.Based on the model,the uniformity and sensitivity of indoor light environment were analyzed.The results showed that the order of the influence on the average value of daily accumulated radiation in the cultivation area was the gutter distance,width,depth and height.Among different design combinations,there were multiple optimal ones of light distribution in the cultivation area.And the current gutter design of Shouguang type greenhouse was reasonable for uniform indoor light environment on local winter solstice day,including the distance(12.00 m),and width(1.60 m),depth(0.86 m)and height(6.30 m)of single gutter.According to the simulation results under different scenarios,the suitable ratios of the sum of gutter height and depth over the sum of gutter distance and width among all the suitable designs(the minimum variation coefficient of radiation intensity)were between 0.49 and 0.54.The dynamic model could provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of Shouguang-type intelligent greenhouses in different regions.

关 键 词：连栋温室 天沟 辐射分布 动态模型 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]