青弋江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究  

THE RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER BASIN

作　　者：杨强强 徐光来 YANG Qiang-qiang;XU Guang-lai(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,Anhui,China;Anhui Key Laboratory of Natural Disaster Process and Prevention,Wuhu 241003,Anhui,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education,Wuhu 241003,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241003 [2]安徽省江淮流域地表过程与区域响应重点实验室,安徽芜湖241003 [3]皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2021年第2期28-36,共9页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“平原河网水系测度与演化机制研究——以杭嘉湖区为例”(41301029);安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2020-075)子课题“水文连通性对河流底栖动物群落影响机理和阈值”(CIWB026).

摘　　要：大型底栖无脊椎动物作为河流水环境质量良好指示生物之一,加强其群落结构及多样性研究,对淡水生态系统的保护与修复具有重要意义。为明晰青弋江流域大型底栖动物群落特征,于2019年7~8月对10个采样点进行大型底栖动物采样和鉴定,运用优势度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数等指标并结合相似性及聚类分析,讨论了该流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其多样性。结果表明:(1)采集的大型底栖动物共38种(属),隶属于7纲17目32科,以昆虫纲及腹足纲为主,分别占总分类单元的39.8%和36.6%;(2)优势度分析可得,该流域优势物种为短沟蜷属(Semisulcospira)、方形环棱螺(Bellamya quadrata)、萝卜螺属(Radix montfort)、圆田螺属(Cipangopaludina)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)、亚洲瘦[虫怱](Ischnura asiatica)、摇蚊科(Chironomidae);(3)Jaccard相似性系数及聚类分析表明,不同物种对栖息生境的需要存在差异,随着人类干扰的增强,河流生态健康有下降的趋势。研究结果对青弋江底栖动物数据积累及生态管理与保护具有参考意义。The macrozoobenthos are one of the organisms that reflect the good quality of river water environment.Strengthening the study of their community structure and diversity is of great significance to the protection and restoration of freshwater ecosystems.To explicitly clarity the characteristics of macrozoobenthos community in Qingyijiang River Basin,taking it as the research object,the macrobenthos’data in 10 sampling points were sampled and identified from July to August 2019.Combined with Jaccard s index and cluster analysis,the community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in the basin were studied by using measurement methods such as dominance,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Pielou evenness,Margalef species and other indicators.The research indicated that:(1)38 species(genera)of macrobenthos were collected,dicided into 7 classes,17 orders and 32 families,Insecta and Gastropoda were the main two categories,which accounting for 39.8%and 36.6%of the total taxa respectively.(2)From the analysis of dominance,the dominant species in this watershed were Semisulcospira,Bellamya quadrata,Radix montfort,Cipangopaludina,Macrobrachium nipponense,Ischnura asiatica and Chironomidae.(3)Jaccard similarity index and cluster analysis showed that different species had different requirements for the habitat and living environment,and with the increase of human disturbance,the ecological health of rivers had a downward trend.The research results had reference significance for the benthic data accumulation,ecological management and protection of macrozoobenthos in the Qingyijiang River.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落结构 优势种 青弋江流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]