生物多样性的司法保护路径研究--以预防性环境公益诉讼为视角  

Study on the Judicial Protection Path of Biodiversity--From the Perspective of Preventive Environmental Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：吴满昌[1] 王立 Wu Manchang;Wang Li(School of Law,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China;Kunming Intermediate People’s Court,Kunming 632000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650504 [2]昆明市中级人民法院,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《学术探索》2021年第5期105-116,共12页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(20BFX170)。

摘　　要：生物多样性一旦受到破坏,面临不可逆转的困境,如何预防生物多样性的破坏是首要的选择。以预防性环境公益诉讼为视角,通过对生物多样性司法保护的法律依据、路径、具体实践的观察,反思我国生物多样性司法保护存在预防性环境民事公益诉讼的理论、立法、程序缺陷,以及预防性环境行政(公益)诉讼缺位、审执断层等问题。借鉴域外“蜗牛镖案”的实践经验,提出以技术事实和科学证据查证为连接点融合生物多样性保护中的环境民事和行政公益诉讼的路径,并从实现预防性功能的判断主体的专业化、目标对象的类型化、认定程序的规范化等方面论证审判程序改进的建议,进而提出打通“审理—裁判—执行”的梗阻,打破法律和技术之间的认知障碍,平衡技术审查和法律审查的解决思路。Once destroyed,biodiversity will face irreversible dilemma.Thus,how to prevent the destruction of biodiversity is the primary choice.From the perspective of preventive environmental public interest litigation,an observation of the legal basis,path,concrete practice of judicial protection of biological diversity in my country exposes such problems as the theoretical,legislative,and procedural defects of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation in the judicial protection of biodiversity,the absence of preventive environmental administrative(public interest)litigation,and fault of judgment and execution.Drawing on the practical experience of the“snail dart case”abroad,we propose the path of integrating environmental civil and administrative public interest litigation in biodiversity conservation with technical facts and scientific evidence verification as the connection point.To improve the trial procedure,efforts should be made to try to realize the professionalization of the judgment subject for the preventive function,the categorization of the target object,and the standardization of the identification procedure.Besides,we should break the obstacle of“trial-adjudication-execution”and the cognitive barrier between law and technology,and balance technical review and legal review.

关 键 词：生物多样性 司法保护 预防 环境公益诉讼 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]