天津大黄堡湿地自然保护区水鸟群落多样性及其生境变化分析  

Waterbird Community Diversity and Habitat Change of Dahuangpu Wetland Nature Reserve,Tianjin

作　　者：肖欢 杨悦[1] 王子东 刘子牧 刘宪斌[1] XIAO Huan;YANG Yue;WANG Zidong;LIU Zimu;LIU Xianbin(Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学,天津市海洋环境保护与修复技术工程中心,天津300457

出　　处：《湿地科学》2021年第2期208-217,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：天津市大学生创新创业训练项目(202010057159);天津市“131”创新型人才团队建设项目(20180314);天津市教委“十三五”高校“创新团队培养计划”项目(TD13-5011)资助。

摘　　要：作为华北地区典型的沼泽湿地,天津大黄堡湿地是东亚—澳大利西亚水鸟迁徙路线的关键区段。在2017~2019年每年的春季(3~4月)和秋季(9~10月)水鸟迁徙期,在大黄堡湿地自然保护区,采用调查路线和观测点相结合的方法,开展了水鸟群落生物多样性调查,共记录8目12科55种水鸟,合计39019只;大黄堡湿地自然保护区核心区南部的水鸟群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都大于北部;2019年调查期间,核心区南部与北部的水鸟群落最相似;利用2005年、2008年、2018年和2019年遥感影像,提取出4个时期研究区的土地利用信息,结果显示,大黄堡湿地自然保护区中的天然湿地面积从2005年的20.03 km^(2)减少至2019年的3.28 km^(2),水鸟群落多样性明显降低;天然湿地萎缩是水鸟群落生物多样性降低的主要原因。As a typical marsh wetland in North China,Dahuangpu wetland in Tianjin is the key section of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)for migratory waterbird.The diversity of waterbird community was investigated in Dahuangpu Wetland Nature Reserve by using survey route and observation points method during spring(March to April)and autumn(September to October)when waterbirds migrated.The investigation was carried out from 2017 to 2019.A total of 39019 waterbirds of 55 species,12 families and 8 orders were recorded.The Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of waterbird community in the south of the core area of Dahuangpu Wetland Nature Reserve were higher than those in the north.The investigation results showed that the waterbird community in the south of the core area reached the highest similarity to the north in 2019 during the three years.Simultaneously,based on the analysis of remote sensing images collected in 2005,2008,2018 and 2019,the land use of the study area in these four periods was extracted.The results indicated that the natural wetland area in Dahuangpu Wetland Nature Reserve decreased from 2005 to 2019(from 20.03 km^(2) to 3.28 km^(2)).Meanwhile,the diversity of waterbird community declined significantly.The main reason of the waterbird community diversity reduction was the shrinkage of natural wetland area.

关 键 词：水鸟 物种多样性 大黄堡湿地 湿地生境 东亚候鸟 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]