青海省长江源区班德湖鸟类群落多样性研究  

Diversity of Bird Community in the Bande Lake in the Source Region of the Yangtze River,Qinghai Province

作　　者：陈佳萍 王东 吴彤 赛青高娃 杨欣 连新明[1,4] CHEN Jiaping;WANG Dong;WU Tong;SAIQING Gaowa;YANG Xin;LIAN Xinming(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,Qinghai,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Greenriver Environmental Protection Association of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,P.R.China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810001,Qinghai,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]四川省绿色江河环境保护促进会,四川成都610041 [4]青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《湿地科学》2021年第2期232-238,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：四川省绿色江河环境保护促进会项目;青海省重大专项项目;第二次青藏高原综合科学考察专题项目(2019QZKK040104);中国科学院“西部之光”青年学者A类项目资助。

摘　　要：于2016~2018年每年的4~6月,在长江源区的班德湖,采用直接计数法,开展了鸟类群落多样性调查和研究,共记录鸟类9目16科36种。其中,雀形目鸟类的物种数最多,为12种;鸻形目鸟类的物种数位居第二,为9种。在36种鸟类中,黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)为国家一级保护鸟类,大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)、白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)和云雀(Alauda arvensis)为国家二级保护鸟类,还有8种鸟类为青海省省级保护鸟类。班德湖鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都逐年增大。斑头雁(Anser indicus)是班德湖鸟类群落的优势物种,其个体数量占班德湖鸟类总个体数量的80%以上,2016年、2017年、2018年每年的4~6月的斑头雁成鸟的最大个体数量分别为3095只、2833只和3197只。建议未来进一步加强对班德湖鸟类的监测。The bird census in the Bande Lake in the source region of the Yangtze River was conducted using the direct counting method from April to June in 2016,2017 and 2018 respectively.A total of 36 species which could be divided into 9 orders and 17 families were recorded.Among them,the largest number of species was 12 species belonging to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes was followed with 9 species.In addition,the black-necked crane Grus nigricollisis classified as class-I national key protected species,3 species that belong under class-II national key protected species include the upland buzzard Buteo hemilasius,Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia and Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis,and 8 species were key protected species of Qinghai province.The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity indexes and the Pielou evenness indexes of the bird communities increased year by year.As the dominant species,the maximum populations of bar-headed goose Anser indicus were 3095,2833 and 3197 in 2016,2017 and 2018 respectively.Monitoring continuously the bird diversity was recommended and the results could provide scientific supports for the formulation of polices relate to wildlife and environmentprotections in the future.

关 键 词：鸟类 多样性 班德湖 长江源 斑头雁 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]