昆明地区冰雹灾害事件的大气层结特征分析  

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC JUNCTION OF HAIL DISASTER EVENTS IN KUNMING AREA

作　　者：蒋雯玉 王占良 王菲 JIANG Wen-yu;WANG Zhan-liang;WANG Fei(The Meteorological Bureau of Jinning,Kunming 650606,Yunnan,China;The Meteorological Bureau of Kunming,Kunming 650034,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]晋宁区气象局,云南昆明650600 [2]昆明市气象局,云南昆明650501

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2021年第1期19-26,共8页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：云南省科技惠民专项(2016RA096);云南省气象局能力建设项目“昆明市烤烟冰雹灾害特征与路径研究”;国家自然科学基金(41265001)。

摘　　要：针对昆明地区近10年烤烟种植冰雹灾害事件,分析了5~9月209个中度以上冰雹灾害事件的时空分布,用历史高空探测秒级数据,分析0℃层、-6~-8℃层、-20℃层高度和0~-20℃层负温区厚度的变化特征,从环境条件及层结特征的角度出发,对其产生的大气层结特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)昆明地区冰雹灾害事件分布极不均匀,7月第五候至8月第三候是冰雹灾害重点防御阶段,人工防雹火箭弹爆炸点平均海拔高度4 500~4 900 m为宜;(2)0℃层平均高度呈单峰型分布,月平均高度排列顺序为7月>8月>9月>6月>5月,0~-20℃层负温区平均厚度3 515 m;(3)冰雹事件的ΔT75值为10~19℃,75%以上介于13~16℃;ΔTd75值75%以上介于15~27℃,冰雹事件"上冷下暖"、"上干下湿"的层结特征明显。Based on the hail disaster events of flue-cured tobacco planting in Kunming in recent ten years, the spatial and temporal distribution of 209 hailstorm events of moderate or above from May to September was analyzed.The variation characteristics of the height of 0℃ layer,-6~-8℃ layer,-20℃ layer and the thickness of the negative temperature zone of 0~-20℃ layer were analyzed by using the historical high altitude sounding data.And analyzed the atmospheric stratification characteristics produced by the hail disaster from the perspective of environmental conditions and stratification characteristics.The results show:(1)The distribution of hail disaster events in Kunming is extremely uneven.The fifth Pentad of July and the third season of August is the key stage of hail disaster prevention.The best average height of explosion point of artificial hail suppression rocket is 4 500-4 900 m.(2)The distribution of average height of 0℃ layer is unimodal, and the monthly average height from high to low was in order of July, August, September, June and May.And the average thickness of the negative temperature zone of the 0~-20℃ layer was 3 515 m.(3)ΔT75 value of hail events ranged from 10 ℃ to 19℃,and 75% above are between 13 and 16℃.Over 75% of hail events had the ΔTd75 values between 15 and 27℃.The atmospheric stratification characteristics of hail events showed obvious characteristics of warm above and cold below, dry above and wet below.

关 键 词：冰雹灾害 大气层结特征 零度层 负温区 人工防雹 

分 类 号：P482[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]