同处共学于书院:梁漱溟乡村建设实验中的团体生活模式  

Living and Learning Together in the Academy:A Pattern of Corporate Living in Liang Shuming's Rural Construction Practices

作　　者：魏文一[1] WEI Wenyi

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期107-118,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“梁漱溟的乡村治理思想及其在乡土社会秩序重建中的应用研究”(16CSH002)。

摘　　要：1930年代,梁漱溟先生在邹平的乡村建设实验中建立了名为乡学、村学的社会组织,被称作“新乡约”。不过,乡约一说并没有突出乡学、村学的学校属性。梁先生志在把宋明讲学之风与社会改造合二为一,而宋明儒学以万物一体、变化气质为精神,开辟出同处共学的朋友关系,朋友相聚于讲会,讲会壮大而成书院。无论是乡村建设研究院,还是乡学、村学,它们都以同处共学的书院为原型,并联合构成一个学习共同体。与乡约“拟家”的类比模式相比,书院重组地方社会后,在亲属、地缘关系之外加入朋友关系,甚至以友伦来统摄其他伦理,促生了一种新型的团体生活。那么,何以为家,也许正如梁先生所言,“朋友聚处即是我的家”。In the 1930s,commune schools and village schools known as new Xiang-yue(Hsiang-yüeh,village convenances and self-regulation)were established in Liang Shuming's rural construction practices in Zouping.However,the conception does not highlight the properties of these schools.Liang aims to combine the lecturing style of Song and Ming Dynasties with social transformation.Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism takes“All in One”and“Changing Temperament”as its spirit,and creates a relationship of friends living and learning together.Friends gather to give lectures.The lecturing and learning society develops into an academy.The Institute of Rural Construction,commune schools and village schools are all based on academies in which friends live and learn together,and unite to form a learning community.Xiang-yue uses an analogy comparing the village to the family,by contrast,after the reorganization of the local society by the academy,friendship is added to kinship and regional contacts.Ultimately,friendship can unify the other ethics,and a new type of corporate living will be created.What defines home?Perhaps as Liang said,“Where my friends are,where my home is”.

关 键 词：梁漱溟 宋明儒学 书院 同处共学 朋友 

分 类 号：G649.299[文化科学—高等教育学]