陕西关中灌区麦田杂草发生规律及防治指标  

Occurrence and Economic Control Threshold of Weeds in Wheat in the Guanzhong Irrigation Area of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：郭云忠[1] 胡杰 李思娟 闫明杰 李文文 胡小平[1] GUO Yun-zhong;HU Jie;LI Si-juan;YAN Ming-jie;LI Wen-wen;HU Xiao-ping(State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《杂草学报》2021年第1期38-42,共5页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2018YFD0200402)。

摘　　要：通过田间调查和资料分析,对陕西关中灌区小麦田杂草的种类、出苗规律和防治指标进行研究。结果表明,关中灌区小麦田杂草有15种,隶属8科15属,其中优势杂草有播娘蒿、荠菜、婆婆纳、猪殃殃、节节麦等5种,一般杂草有野燕麦、宝盖草、田紫草等3种,其余为区域性杂草。小麦播种后5 d陆续有杂草出土,在11月上中旬(小麦3~4叶期),占总草91%的杂草均已出苗,是生产中防治用药的最适宜时间。关中灌区麦田杂草密度(x)与小麦产量损失率(y)呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.9920),其关系式为y=0.1660x-0.9067。按照目前关中灌区小麦的产量、价格、除草成本及效果,在本研究的草相条件下杂草的防治指标为30株/m^(2),应在冬前小麦3~4叶期进行防除。Wheat fields in Guanzhong irrigation area were survey to determine weed species,emergence patterns and control indexes.There were 15 weedspeciesbelonging to 15 genera and 8 families,among which five were dominant:Descurainia sophia,Capsella bursa-pastoris,Veronica didyma,Euphorbia pulcherrima and Aegilops tauschii;three were considered common(Avena fatua,Lamium amplexicaule and Buglossoides arvensis,and the rest were regional weeds.All weeds basically emerged at the same time when wheat was at the 3~4 leaf stage,accounting for 91%of the total grass,which is the most suitable time for prevention and treatment in production.Weed density positively correlated(r=0.9920)with wheat yield loss rate in Guanzhong irrigation area,a relationship described by a linear relationship(y=0.1660x-0.9067).According to current yield,price,weeding cost and effect of wheat in Guanzhong irrigation area,it is proposed that the weed control index is 30 plants/m^(2),which should be controlled at the 3~4 leaf stage of wheat before winter.

关 键 词：关中灌区 麦田杂草 发生规律 防治指标 杂草密度 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]