茄科作物激素调控的矮化突变体研究进展  

Advances of Dwarf Mutants Caused by Hormone-related Genes in Solanaceae

作　　者：卢阳 李娜 王星[1] 于萍 康艺凡 陈雪平[1] 罗双霞[1] 申书兴[1] LU Yang;LI Na;WANG Xing;YU Ping;KANG Yi-fan;CHEN Xue-ping;LUO Shuang-xia;SHEN Shu-xing(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laborratory for Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Uilization of Hebei/Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei,Baoding 071000;Sericultural Research Institute,Chengde Medical University,Hebei Chengde 067000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院/河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室/河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心,保定071000 [2]承德医学院蚕业研究所,河北承德067000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第3期609-615,共7页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队项目(HBCT2018030203);河北省科技计划项目(16226308D);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326344D)。

摘　　要：茄科作物经济价值较高,但株型高大,种植密度受限,水肥消耗量高。植物激素通过影响细胞分裂及伸长调控植株高度,挖掘影响其矮化的激素相关基因、创制矮化资源是茄科作物品种株型改良的重要基础。利用遗传背景差异大的材料作亲本创建分离群体开展相关研究周期长、难度大,突变体与其野生型遗传背景一致,将突变体作为作物遗传改良与功能基因研究工具可加快育种进程。矮化突变体作为研究株高变异形成机制和改良作物株型的重要材料,已广泛应用于植物激素相关基因研究。本文主要从茄科作物矮化突变体矮化表型与植物激素生物合成及信号转导的关系入手,概述了几种主要植物激素与植物矮化相关的生物学功能,重点阐述了茄科作物矮化突变与所述激素的关系。提出了基于突变体创建,通过正反向遗传学研究策略设计,综合利用多组学联合分析、酵母杂交系统、基因过表达与基因编辑等现代分子生物学技术,开展矮化基因挖掘,或基于同源基因的遗传修饰定向创制目标突变体的研究思路与方法,为植物激素致矮机理研究与矮化资源高效创建提供简便高效的途径。Solanaceae crops are economically important,but they are not suitable to be cultivated in high density and consume a large amount of water and fertilizer for their large plants. It has been well known that phytohormones play an important role in regulating plant height via modulating cell division and cell elongation. Accordingly,mining dwarf genes and creating dwarf germplasm have been the important base for improvement of plant architecture in Solanaceae crops. It takes a long time to carry out relevant research based on genetic separation population crossed from germplasms with different genetical background. It can speed up the breeding process that mutants,with the same genetic background as wildtype,are used as a tool for genetic improvement and function genes research. As important materials for analying the genetic mechanisms of plant-height variation and improving crop architecture,dwarf mutants have been widely used in the study of phytohormone-related genes. In this review,we focused on the relationship between dwarf phenotype and phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction in dwarf mutants of Solanaceae crops,and then summarized the biological function of the phytohormones modulating plant height,furthermore emphasized the mechanism of hormone-related dwarf mutation in Solanaceae crops. Finially proposed a simple and efficient strategy to explore the mechanism of phytohormones and acquire efficiently new dwarf germplasms:based on dwarf mutant through the forward and reverse genetics research strategy design,comprehensive utilization of Multi-Omics analysis,yeast hybrid systems,gene expression and gene editing and other modern molecular biology techniques to identify the dwarf gene and its function or directional create target mutant by modifying the homologous genes.

关 键 词：茄科作物 矮化突变体 激素 

分 类 号：S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种]