高粱种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity of Sorghum Germplasms Based on Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：周瑜 李泽碧[1] 黄娟[1] 吴―毓 张亚勤[1] 张志良[1] 张晓春[1] ZHOU Yu;LI Ze-bi;HUANG Juan;WU Yu;ZHANG Ya-qin;ZHANG Zhi-liang;ZHANG Xiao-chun(Institute of Characteristic Crops Research,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 402160)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院特色作物研究所,重庆402160

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第3期654-664,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：物种品种资源保护费项目(111721301354052036);重庆市科委项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0125,cstc2018jxjl80008,cstc2019jscx-msxmX0384)。

摘　　要：以434份不同来源的高粱种质资源为材料,利用变异系数、Shannon-weaver多样性指数、相关分析和聚类分析,对表型性状的遗传变异水平进行了分析,以期为种质创新和品种改良提供依据。结果表明,供试的高粱种质拥有丰富的遗传多样性,穗型、穗形和叶病的遗传多样性指数H′较低,分别为1.0454、0.9244和1.1718;株高、穗长和千粒重的H′值较高,分别为2.0463、2.0259和2.0093;茎节数和生育期的H′值较低,分别为1.4652和1.7628。从参试种质中,筛选出1份特矮秆和23份矮秆种质,可为矮化育种提供优异亲本。相关分析结果表明,株高与穗长、穗柄长、叶片数、茎节数、茎粗和生育期呈极显著正相关,与穗柄粗和穗粒重呈极显著负相关;穗粒重与千粒重呈极显著正相关。对高粱的10个数量性状进行聚类分析,在欧氏距离为11时,434份高粱种质资源可以分为3大类。类群I植株高大、茎秆粗壮、生育期长,可作为饲草或能源进行开发;类群II穗长和穗柄长较长,可从中筛选适合作工艺(帚)用的资源;类群III矮秆、早熟、大穗,可作为粒用高粱材料创新及杂交育种的种质资源。The diversity of phenotypic traits in 434 sorghum germplasms were analyzed using variation coefficients,Shannon-Weaver diversity index,correlation analysis and cluster analysis,to provide reference for germplasm enhancement and variety improvement.The results showed that sorghum germplasms used in this study had a great diversity.The diversity indices (H′)of panicle type,panicle shape and leaf disease were low with the value of 1.0454,0.9244 and 1.1718.The (H’)of plant height,main panicle length,and 1000-grain weight were relatively higher with 2.0463,2.0259,and 2.0093.The (H’)of node number and growth period were relatively lower with 1.4652 and 1.7628.From 434 sorghum germplasms,1 signifcantly dwarf and 23 dwarf germplasms were screened out,which could be used as excellent parents for dwarf breeding.The results of correlation analysis showed that there existed significantly positive correlations between plant height and main panicle length,ear stem length,leaf number,node number,stem diameter,growth period,and significantly negative correlations between plant height and ear stem diameter,kernel weight per panicle.The kernel weight per panicle was significantly positive correlate with 1000-grain weight.By cluster analysis,these 434 sorghum germplasms were grouped into 3 clusters at the Euclidean distance of 11.Cluster I with the characteristics of high plant,thick stem and long growth period could be developed for forage or energy.Cluster II with the characteristics of long main panicle length and ear stem length could be used as germplasm materials for cultivating processing sorghum.Cluster III with the characteristics of dwarf,early mature and big ear would provide valuable source for grain sorghum germplasm enhancement and cross breeding.

关 键 词：高粱 种质资源 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]