液膜覆盖对旱地土壤结构特征及入渗性能的影响  

Effects of liquid film mulching on the soil structure and infiltration characteristics of drylands

作　　者：白秀梅[1] 张垚 张勇 杜轶[3] BAI Xiumei;ZHANG Yao;ZHANG Yong;DU Yi(Collge of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Science,Taiyuan 030013,Shanxi,China;College of Resource and Environment,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省水土保持科学研究所,山西太原030013 [3]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2021年第3期665-671,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：山西省水利科学技术项目“液态地膜在旱地作物中的应用与研究”(201427);山西省水利科学技术项目“旱地环保型液膜覆盖和垄沟耕作集成技术研究与示范”(2015STBC3)。

摘　　要：为了研究长期液膜覆盖对旱地土壤结构及入渗性能的影响,于2015-2018年在山西农业大学林业试验站进行了田间随机区组试验。试验设计有垄沟耕作和平作方式下的液膜和塑膜覆盖,以平作不覆盖为对照。结果表明:(1)液膜覆盖能改善土壤理化性质。和其他处理相比,PY、LY显著增加了土壤有机质含量和毛管孔隙度;与对照(CK)相比较,PY、LY、PS、LS的土壤容重均有显著降低。(2)液膜覆盖能改善土壤结构特性。和其他处理比较,LY显著提高了干筛、湿筛>0.25 mm团聚体含量,PY、LY显著降低了土壤团聚体结构破坏率及显著提高了团聚体水稳性指数。(3)液膜覆盖提高了土壤稳定入渗性能。PY、LY的稳定入渗率和平均入渗率显著高于其他处理。(4)同种覆盖方式下,垄沟耕作较平作更有利于改良土壤结构特征,但二者对稳定入渗率的影响没有显著差异。(5)初始入渗率与土壤理化指标间没有显著相关性。稳定入渗率和平均入渗率与毛管孔隙度、>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、团聚体破坏率与团聚体水稳性指数间有显著或极显著相关性。The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in the forestry test station of Shanxi Agricultural University from 2015 to 2018 to study the effects of long-term liquid film mulching on the soil structure and infiltration characteristics of drylands.The experimental design included the liquid or plastic film mulching in ridge and furrow planting or conventional tillage conditions.Liquid film mulching improved the soil physical and chemical properties.Compared with the other treatments,the content of organic matter and the soil capillary porosity were increased significantly in the liquid film mulching treatment.Compared with the control,the soil bulk density of the other treatments was remarkably reduced.Liquid film mulching improved the soil structure characteristics.Compared with the other treatments,the soil aggregate compositions and the water stability soil aggregate compositions of>0.25 mm particle size were markedly increased in the liquid film mulching and ridge and furrow planting conditions.The soil aggregate breakage rate was reduced and the soil aggregate water stability index was improved remarkably by liquid film mulching.Liquid film mulching improved the stable soil infiltration performance.Compared with the other treatments,the stable infiltration rates and the accumulative infiltration rates in 120 min were increased markedly in liquid film mulching.In the same kind of coverage condition,compared with the conventional tillage method,the ridge and furrow planting method was beneficial to improve the soil structure characteristics.There was no significant difference between the two planting methods in the steady infiltration rates.Correlations showed that there was no significant correlation between the initial infiltration rate and the soil physical and chemical index.The soil aggregate compositions of>0.25 mm particle size,MWD,the soil aggregate breakage rate,and soil aggregate water stability index significantly affected the stable and accumulative infiltration rates in 120 min.

关 键 词：液态地膜 垄沟耕作 土壤结构 入渗 旱地 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]