高立式尼龙网沙障防风阻沙特征及其合理配置  

Wind-proof and sand-blocking characteristics of high vertical nylon mesh sand barrier and its rational allocation

作　　者：席成 左合君 王海兵 闫敏 贾光普 XI Cheng;ZUO Hejun;WANG Haibing;YAN Min;JIA Guangpu(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Aeolian Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering in Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2021年第3期882-891,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“沙地生态系统近自然修复技术研究及产业化示范”(2019ZD007)资助。

摘　　要：高立式沙障在线性工程风沙灾害防护中被广泛应用,布置模式直接影响工程防风阻沙效率和成本效益。在乌兰布和沙漠穿沙公路迎风侧,选择上疏下密式尼龙阻沙网分别设计4种高度单行、4种高度3种间距双行沙障来模拟风沙灾害防治观测场,使用阶梯式集沙仪与HOBO风速采集仪对不同风速下防风阻沙效率参数进行观测。结果表明:(1)低风速(<12 m·s^(-1))背景下,高立式尼龙阻沙网沙障障后有效防护距离单行为3H(相同沙障高度的距离)以内,双行为12H。(2)单行高立式尼龙阻沙网沙障的障后3H沙障截留率平均为85.14%,障后5H平均为91.23%;双行障后3H平均为93.53%。(3)在中低风能地区线性工程防护中配置尼龙阻沙网时,不建议使用0.6 m及以下高度沙障;8 m·s^(-1)风速及以下可配置1 m高度单行尼龙阻沙网沙障;8~12 m·s^(-1)风速可配置间距8H、高度0.8~1.0 m双行尼龙阻沙网;在大风速区(>12 m·s^(-1))选择拓宽间距至10H、高度1.2 m尼龙网沙障多条带复式配置。此模式可优化治沙工程设计,完善线路工程沙害防治体系。High vertical sand barriers are widely used to protect against wind and sand disasters in linear engineering.The layout mode directly affects the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of wind and sand prevention in engineering.On the windward side of Ulan Buh Desert Sand Crossing Highway from Dengkou to Ustai,Inner Mongolia,we have designed two types of sand barriers,namely,single sand barrier with four heights and double sand barrier with four heights and three intervals,which are used to simulate the observation field of wind-sand disaster prevention and control.The ladder sand and HOBO wind speed collectors were used to observe the windproof and sand-blocking efficiency parameters under dust storms with different wind speeds.Results showed that under the background of low wind speed(<12 m·s^(-1)),the effective protection distance behind the high vertical nylon sand barrier net is within 3 H for single behavior and 12 H for double behavior(Where"H"represents the distance of the same height of sand barrier).The average interception rate of single-row high vertical nylon sand barrier is 85.14%at 3 H after barrier and 91.23%at 5 H after barrier.The average sand barrier rejection rate of the double-row high vertical nylon sand barrier net is 93.53%at 3 H after the barrier.It is not recommended to use sand barriers with a height of 0.6 m or less when nylon sand barriers are deployed in linear engineering protection in the medium and low wind energy areas.A Single-row nylon sand barrier with a height of 1 m can be configured at a wind speed of 8 m·s^(-1) and below.A wind speed of 8-12 m·s^(-1) can be configured with double-row nylon sand screens with an interval of 8 H and a height of 0.8-1.0 m.In the high wind speed area(>12 m·s^(-1)),the multi-strip compound configuration of nylon mesh sand barrier with widening distance to 10 H and a height of 1.2 m was selected.This model can optimize the design of sand control projects and improve the sand disaster prevention system of line engineering.

关 键 词：高立式沙障 防风效益 阻沙截留率 配置优化 

分 类 号：S288[农业科学—农业水土工程]