鄂西长江小流域土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响  

Effects of Land Use Patterns on Soil Aggregate Stability in Small Watershed of Yangtze River, Located in Western Hubei

作　　者：刘文景 许文年[1] 夏露 陈剑刚[2] 程虎 余飞 夏栋[1] 刘大翔[1] 余绍鹏 LIU Wen-jing;XU Wen-nian;XIA Lu;CHEN Jian-gang;CHENG Hu;YU Fei;XIA Dong;LIU Da-xiang;YU Shao-peng(Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [3]华中师范大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第4期925-935,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室开放基金(2019001);宜昌市自然科学研究项目基金(A20-3-010)。

摘　　要：探究土地利用方式对长江中游小流域土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,为鄂西地区土地合理利用与管理以及土壤结构改良提供借鉴。以下牢溪小流域5种不同土地利用方式(柏树林、蔬菜地、石坎农田、撂荒地、天然林)土壤为研究对象,对比分析各土地利用方式间土壤团聚体粒径组成及稳定性差异。结果表明:(1)柏树林、石坎农田、撂荒地和天然林土壤团聚体以>2 mm为优势粒级,平均为57.66%,蔬菜地以<0.25 mm微粒径团聚体为主,均值为60.86%;(2)林地(柏树林和天然林)土壤稳定性和抗蚀性要优于农用地(石坎农田和蔬菜地),耕地撂荒提升团聚体稳定性;(3)分形维数D与破坏率PAD、可蚀性K呈正相关,与团聚体直径(MWD和GMD)和水稳性大团聚体WR0.25呈负相关,分形维数较好反映小流域土壤团聚体的稳定性和抗侵蚀性。对流域内林区的封育是提升土壤结构稳定性的最优管理方式。Soil aggregate is an important indicator of soil quality and sustainable land utilization, and impacts the retention abilities of water and fertilizers. The differences of the aggregate stability in the small watershed scale are sensitively affected by the land pattern of human interference, while the influence of land uses on the aggregate is rarely reported in the small tributary of Yangtze River, located in the hilly region of western Hubei. The purpose of this study was to figure out the effects of five land use patterns(cypresses forests(CF), vegetable field(VF), stone dike terrace(ST) abandoned farmland(AF) and natural forest(NF)) on the distribution and stability of soil water-stable aggregate. The soil from the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layer under different land uses were collected to analyze the composition and differences of soil aggregate stability by the wet sieving method. The result showed that ⅰ)The dominant size fraction of soil aggregate in CF, ST, AF and NF was >2 mm, mean proportion of which was 57.66%. While that of VF was dominated by <0.25 mm microaggregate, with an average of 60.86%. It was indicated that the stability of water-stable macroaggregate(> 0.25 mm) was significantly affected by land uses;ⅱ)The soil stability and erosion resistance of woodland were superior to those of agricultural land, and abandonment of cropland was conducive to the restoration of soil stability;ⅲ) fractal dimension(D) was positively correlated with the proportion of macroaggregate(>0.25 mm), the percentage of aggregate destruction, and soil erodibility(K), but negatively correlated with the aggregate diameters(MWD&GMD). D of soil water-stable aggregate could definitely reflect structural stability and erodibility of soil in a small watershed. Therefore, it is considered that the conservation of forest land and underground cover layer is the optimal management mode to improve the stability of soil structure in this area. These research results can provide theoretical reference for the rational land utilizati

关 键 词：小流域 土地利用方式 土壤团聚体 稳定性 分形维数 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]