村落民俗体育的文化生态适应与当代发展——基于下董寨村“跑马排”春节习俗的田野调查  

Culture-ecology Adaptation and Contemporary Development of Village Folk Sports——A Field Survey Based on the Spring Festival Custom of “Horse race” in Xiadongzhai Village

作　　者：孟林盛[1] 乔恩东 李慧贤 孔毓泽 MENG Linsheng;QIAO Endong;LI Huixian;KONG Yuze(School of Physical Education,SHANXI University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学体育学院,太原030006

出　　处：《体育与科学》2021年第3期26-34,共9页Sports & Science

基　　金：山西省社科联重点课题,项目号:SSKLZDKT2019018。

摘　　要：采用田野考察、文献分析等方法,对陉道型传统村落下董寨村"跑马排"春节习俗不同阶段的"文化-生态"适应进行了研究。研究表明:传统时期"跑马排"经历了从"生存"意义上以强健体魄为主要目标的身体运动向"发展"意义上以融入村落"权力文化网络"为主要目标的民俗活动转变过程,在我国同类型的村落民俗体育中具有一定的代表性。从传统走向现代的进程中,"跑马排"正面临由外部文化生态变迁导致的组织涣散、经费短缺和由内部文化生态变迁导致的认同下降和传承技艺断裂等困境。对此本文分别从微观、中观和宏观层面提出了如下生态应对策略:重塑"跑马排"的价值和文化认同,通过制度建设改善其生存条件,推动村落民俗体育的保护与传承;借鉴"文化生态保护区"理念,打造下董寨生态博物馆;将下董寨和"跑马排"纳入井陉古道线性文化遗产中,打造物质、非物质与文化线路相结合的"三位一体"的保护和开发模式。Using research methods such as fieldwork and literature analysis method, this paper studies the "cultural-ecological" adaptation in different stages of the Spring Festival custom of "Horse race" in Xiadongzhai Village, a village located where the mountains break.The research shows that in the traditional period, "Horse race" has experienced a process of transformation from physical exercise with the main goal of physical fitness in the sense of "survival" to folk activities with the main goal of integrating into the village "power culture network" in the sense of "development", which has certain representativeness in the same type of village folk sports in China.In the process from tradition to modernity, "Horse race" is facing difficulties such as disorganization and shortage of funds caused by external cultural and ecological changes, as well as declining identity and broken inheritance skills caused by internal cultural and ecological changes.This paper puts forward the following ecological coping strategies from the micro, meso and macro levels: reshaping the value and cultural identity of "Horse race", improving its living conditions through institutionalized construction, and promoting the protection and inheritance of village folk sports;learn from the concept of "cultural and ecological protection zone" and build Xiadongzhai Ecological Museum;incorporate Xiadongzhai and "Horse race" into the linear cultural heritage of Jingxing Ancient Road, and create a protection and development model of "Trimurti" combining material, non-material and cultural routes.

关 键 词：民俗体育 “文化-生态”适应 生态博物馆 线性遗产 跑马排 

分 类 号：G812[文化科学—体育学]