取水权优先效力规则研究  

Research on the Prior Validity Rule of Water Intake Rights

作　　者：张舒 ZHANG Shu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期76-89,共14页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国人民大学新教师启动金项目“气候变化对法律的挑战与回应研究”(2017030103)。

摘　　要：取水权要成长为独立而稳定的物权,对于清晰的优先效力规则存在制度需求。优先效力规则的建立和完善一直是传统水权制度发展的核心,河岸原则和先占原则最显著的变化之一就在于同时考虑权利成立时间和用水目的因素而确定权利优先效力。按照时间顺序确定取水权的优先顺序,与传统物权效力规则相一致,体现取水权的私权属性;按照用水目的区分取水权的优先级别,则更多地体现公权力对水资源的价值预判和倾斜性配置。取水权优先效力规则集中体现了取水权的物权属性和对其公权干预之间的矛盾与平衡。我国需要综合考虑权利成立时间和用水目的因素,建立稳定的取水权优先效力规则。Without a clear rule clarifying its prior validity, water intake rights can never grow into an independent property right.The establishment and improvement of the prior validity rule constitute the core of water rights system.The pure "first in time, first in right" rule can maximize the private property attribute of water intake rights, guaranteeing the dominance and stability of the prior rights, while determining the priority according to the purposes of water uses will inevitably reflect the value prediction of public power to the rights.The prior validity rule of water intake rights embodies the contradiction and balance between the private property and the public authority interference. Therefore, it is essential for China to set up a prior validity rule of water intake rights with the concern of both the time of establishment of rights and the purpose of water use.

关 键 词：取水权 河岸原则 先占原则 生态环境水权 

分 类 号：D922.660.1[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]