无权处分立法史、基本法理及司法适用研究  

Research on Legislative History,Legal Principles,and Its Judicial Application of Unauthorized Disposal

作　　者：董新中 DONG Xin-zhong(Department of Law,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,China)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院法律系,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《太原师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期66-73,共8页Journal of Taiyuan Normal University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：无权处分情形之下,涉及合同效力及是否发生物权变动效力两个问题,这两个问题的答案因是否承认物权行为理论而不同。从我国关于无权处分的立法史考察看,《民法通则》及《合同法》均不承认物权行为理论,故而将无权处分形成的合同效力规定为无效或效力待定,亦不能产生物权变动的法律效果。但《物权法》第十五条确立了债、物二分理论,规定无权处分情形下的合同有效,但不产生物权变动效力的裁判规则,因此《合同法》第五十一条的规范不应再保留。基于《物权法》上已经确立的债权行为与物权行为分离的原则,我国《民法典》合同编中删除无权处分规定符合基本法理。在《民法典》实施后,司法实践中仍应坚持无权处分情形下应当确立合同有效但不发生物权变动,无权处分人承担违约责任的基本裁判规则。与无权处分相关的主观善恶、给付均不能影响合同效力;无权处分情形下第三人可以通过善意取得获得物权,而无权处分者则应当返还不当得利;冒名行为情形应当类推适用无权代理及表见代理的相关规定,以达到平衡各方利益的效果。In the case of unauthorized disposal,the validity of the contract and the effect of the real right are involved.The answers to these two questions differ depending on whether the theory of juristic act of real right is recognized.Viewing from the Chinese legislative history of unauthorized disposal,neither the General Principles of Civil Law nor the Contract Law recognizes the theory of juristic act of real right,so the contract under unauthorized disposal is invalid or undecided,and no legal effect of property rights can occur.However,Article 15 of the Property Law establishes the theory of the dichotomy of debt and property,stipulating that the contract is valid in the absence of the disposal right while it does not change the effect of real right.Therefore,Article 51 of the Contract Law should not be retained.Based on the principle of separation of debt and real right in the Property Law,the deletion of the provision of unauthorized disposal in the contract part of the Civil Code is reasonable.After the implementation of the Civil Code,the judicial practice should still adhere to the rules that the contract is valid but there is no change in real rights in the case of unauthorized disposal,and the person who disposes without authorization shall be liable for the breach of contract.The subjective goal and the payment related to unauthorized disposal cannot affect the validity of the contract;the third party can obtain the property rights through good faith under the circumstance of unauthorized disposal,while the improper gains shall be returned;the relevant regulations on unauthorized agency and apparent agency shall be applied to impersonated disposition to balance the interests of all parties.

关 键 词：无权处分 立法史 债权行为 物权行为 司法适用 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]