缘起、冲突与交汇:批判学派的实证研究进路——以法兰克福学派权威人格研究为中心  

Origin,Conflict and Convergence:The Empirical Research Approach of Critical School Focused on the Authoritarian Personality Study of the Frankfurt School

作　　者：冯露 章于炎 FENG Lu;ZHANG Yuyan(School of Journalism and Communication,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;School of Journalism,University of Missouri,Missouri 65203,USA)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学新闻与传播学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]密苏里大学新闻学院,密苏里州哥伦比亚65203

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期110-116,共7页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“哥伦比亚学派与法兰克福学派文化研究方法论论争研究”(16YJC751003);2019年度国家留学基金委青年骨干出国研修项目基金(201906805004);美国密苏里大学新闻学院研修项目研究成果。

摘　　要：法兰克福学派第一代学者以反对实证主义著称,但从学派发展史来看,实证却不止一次地在批判学派的文化研究中作为方法得以运用。从阿多诺在广播音乐项目中与拉扎斯菲尔德的方法论冲突到权威人格研究中实证方法之贯穿应用,实证作为文化研究方法在批判理论建构过程中真实地起到推动作用。文章从跨学科视角透视批判理论形成发展的复杂历史文化语境,结合20世纪30年代“统一科学运动”作用下逻辑实证主义在美国科学研究领域兴起的学术背景,认为通过实证方法之介入、习得与使用,批判学派不仅在二战流亡境况下继续传承了欧陆理性思辨的精神传统,而且不再拘泥于理论概念的抽象言说。实证与批判的交汇反映了社会科学研究以问题为中心,而非以方法为中心的共同追求。Scholars of the first generation in Frankfurt School are known for their opposition to positivism,but from the perspective of their development history,positivism has been used as a method in the cultural studies more than once.From the methodological conflict between Adorno and Lazarsfield in the radio music project to the application of empirical methods in authoritarian personality research,positivism plays a role in the construction of critical theories.This article examines the complex historical and cultural context of the formation and development of critical theory through an interdisciplinary perspective.Combined with the academic background of the emergence of logical positivism in the field of scientific research in the United States under the influence of the Unified Science Movement in the 1930s,this study holds that through the intervention,acquisition and use of positivism,the critical school not only continued to inherit the spiritual tradition of European rational speculation under the circumstances of exile in World War II,but also no longer constrained to abstract statements of theoretical concepts.The intersection of positivism and criticism reflects the common pursuit of social science research focused on problems rather than methods.

关 键 词：批判理论 逻辑实证主义 权威人格 

分 类 号：G0[文化科学]