从罗尔斯到德沃金:正义理论的比较  

A Comparison Between Dworkin's and Rawls' Justice Theory

作　　者：杨君武[1] 向谨汝 YANG Junwu;XIANG Jinru

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学公共管理学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第3期40-47,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：罗尔斯是现代西方政治哲学家的杰出代表,因提出系统且具有创新性的正义理论而著名。德沃金也是现代西方哲学研究领域的代表性人物,他的正义理论与罗尔斯有着很强的可比性。在正义理论的派别方面,德沃金与罗尔斯同属新自由主义阵营。在正义理论的论证方式方面,德沃金运用“拍卖保险”方案论证了其正义理论,而罗尔斯运用新契约论论证其正义理论。在论述正义的实现途径方面,德沃金通过强调“资源平等”来实现其正义理想,罗尔斯则通过确立“两个正义原则”和公正社会制度的设计来实现其正义理想。在正义理论焦点的转换方面,当自由与平等发生冲突时,罗尔斯认为自由优先于平等,而德沃金认为平等优先于自由。通过比较研究,我们不仅能够更加深刻地认识和把握德沃金与罗尔斯的正义理论,而且能够为我们建构中国特色正义理论提供理论启示。Rawls is an outstanding modern Western political philosopher who is famous for his systematic and innovative theory of justice.Dworkin,another representative figure of modern Western philosophy,put forth the justice theory which is very comparable to that of Rawls.In the school respect,both of them pursue neoliberalism.In the argumentation respectf Dworkin uses the"auction insurance"scheme to argue his theory,while Rawls uses the new contract theory.When arguing the ways to achieve justicef Dworkin stresses the importance of"resources equality",while Rawls establishes"two principles of justice"and builds social justice system.As for the focus of justice theory,when freedom and equality are in conflict,Rawls gives freedom the priority while Dworkin believes that equality is more important.The above comparative study enables us to better understand Dworkin s and Rawls'theories of justice,and it also offers us illumination to build a theory of justice with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：平等 自由 资源平等 正义原则 

分 类 号：D081[政治法律—政治学] D0