外来树种日本落叶松和日本花柏对鄂西北森林群落的影响  

Effects of exotic tree species Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.and Chamaecyparis pisifera(Sieb.et Zucc.)Endl.on forest communities in northwest Hubei,China

作　　者：庞宏东[1] 王晓荣[1] 杨佳伟 胡文杰[1] 刘学全[1] PANG Hongdong;WANG Xiaorong;YANG Jiawei;HU Wenjie;LIU Xuequan(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan,Hubei 430075,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2021年第2期143-149,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：林业科技发展基金(KJZXSA2018010)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究大面积栽植外来树种日本落叶松和日本花柏对鄂西北森林群落物种多样性的影响,为评价外来树种的入侵风险提供依据。【方法】采用样地调查法对比研究外来树种日本落叶松和日本花柏人工林与当地森林群落特征差异。【结果】日本落叶松人工林样地林下植物种类丰富,样地平均物种数与当地天然林样地物种数相比无显著差异;林下灌木层和草本层多样性指数较高,草本层多样性指数与当地天然林相比无显著差异;林下未发现日本落叶松的更新苗。日本花柏人工林样地平均物种数显著少于当地其他人工林样地;乔木层、灌木层和草本层的4个多样性指数值均小于当地其他人工林样地;在3个样地中出现日本花柏更新苗,更新苗数量达479株·hm^(-2)。【结论】引种栽培日本落叶松不会导致当地森林群落的物种多样性降低,不会引起生物入侵风险;但引种栽培日本花柏会明显降低当地森林群落的物种多样性,对当地森林生态系统的稳定构成一定威胁。【Aim】To study the effects of planting exotic tree species,Larix kaempferi and Chamaecyparis pisifera,on the forest communities and species diversity in northwest Hubei Province,a comparative analysis was conducted among four distinct forest communities composed of planted Larix kaempferi,Chamaecyparis pisifera or local tree species.This study aims to provide basis for evaluating the invasion risk of exotic tree species.【Method】A survey was conducted to compare differences among communities of L.kaempferi,C.pisifera,and local tree species,using at least four plots each.【Result】Plant species richness in the sample plot of the L.kaempferi plantation was very high,comparable to that of the local natural forest sample plot.The diversity indices of the understory shrubs and ground vegetation were high,but not significantly different(P<0.05)from that of the local natural forest.No regeneration seedlings of L.kaempferi were found.The average number of species in the sample plots of the C.pisifera plantations was significantly lower(P<0.05)than that Jiuhua Mountain plantation.The four diversity indices of the tree canopy,shrub layer,and ground vegetation were all lower in the C.pisifera plantations than those of the other plantations.Across the three plots,C.pisifera regeneration seedlings were found at a high number of 479 plants·hm^(-2).【Conclusion】The introduction and cultivation of L.kaempferi into forest communities will neither decrease the species diversity of the local forest community nor cause any biological invasion risk.However,the introduction and cultivation of C.pisifera may significantly reduce species diversity of the local forest community and pose a certain degree of threat to their stability.

关 键 词：日本落叶松 日本花柏 植物多样性 外来树种 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]