从进入壁垒分析垄断  

Analyzing Monopoly from the Perspective of Entry Barriers

作　　者：刘小玄[1] LIU Xiao-xuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《经济论坛》2021年第5期5-15,共11页Economic Forum

摘　　要：作为反垄断政策的基本依据,文章从理论上区分了不同性质的垄断。突破市场结构-行为-绩效的传统理论框架,从企业的内生性进行考察。一个市场或行业中,当在位企业和新进入(潜在进入)企业之间的成本竞争是对称的,则不存在垄断。如果在位企业的成本低于新企业,而使后者无法进入,这时的垄断是有效率的,通常为自然垄断或规模经济垄断。如果在位企业的成本高于后者,但后者依旧无法进入,这时的垄断会损害经济效率和社会福利。这个简单明晰的理论标准,可以成为判定现实复杂垄断问题的基本出发点。为此,需要考察某个特定垄断的市场边界,研究企业的成本函数中包括哪些内在元素,发现市场上存在哪些潜在隐性壁垒,界定哪些企业的竞争力是创新投入的结果,等等。只有对于这些问题都有深刻的分析,我们才能制定出合理的反垄断政策。As the basic basis of the anti-monopoly policy,this paper theoretically distinguishes different types of monopoly.By breaking through the traditional theoretical framework of market structure-conduct-performance,it examines the endogeneity of the enterprise.In a market or sector,when the cost competition between existing enter⁃prises and new(potentially entering)enterprises is symmetrical,there is no monopoly.If the cost of existing enter⁃prises is lower than that of new enterprises,and the latter cannot enter,then the monopoly is efficient,usually a natu⁃ral monopoly or a monopoly of economies of scale.If the cost of existing enterprises is higher than the latter,but the latter still cannot enter,the monopoly at this time will damage economic efficiency and social welfare.This simple and clear theoretical standard can be the basic starting point for judging complex monopoly problems in reality.To this end,it is necessary to examine the market boundary of a particular monopoly,study the internal elements in⁃cluded in the cost function of an enterprise,discover what potential hidden barriers exist in the market,define which enterprises’competitiveness is the result of inputs in innovation,and so on.Only with in-depth analysis of these issues can we formulate a reasonable anti-monopoly policy.

关 键 词：垄断 可竞争市场 非对称的成本竞争 进入壁垒 

分 类 号：F014[经济管理—政治经济学]