一种基于动态竞争半径的非均匀分簇路由算法  

A Non-Uniform Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Dynamic Competitive Radius

作　　者：余修武 李佩 刘永 肖人榕 张可 YU Xiuwu;LI Pei;LIU Yong;XIAO Renrong;ZHANG Ke(School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang Hunan,421001,China;Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Uranium Tailings Treatment,Hengyang Hunan 421001,China;Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Radioactive Control Technology in Uranium Mining and Metallurgy,Hengyang Hunan 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]铀矿冶放射性控制技术湖南省工程研究中心,湖南衡阳421001 [3]湖南省铀尾矿库退役治理工程技术研究中心,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《传感技术学报》2021年第3期400-406,共7页Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2018SK2055);国家自然科学基金项目(11875164);横向科研项目(020012002)。

摘　　要：针对一般的无线传感器网络可扩展性较差和能量消耗不均等问题,提出一种基于动态竞争半径的非均匀分簇路由算法(Non-uniform clustering routing protocol based on energy consumption,NCRP)。其核心思想是:对LEACH协议的阈值公式加以改进,引入节点与基站之间的距离和节点剩余能量等因素。使靠近基站的节点成为候选簇首的概率稍大于远离基站的节点,从而间接使得靠近基站的区域产生更多的簇首用于转发其他簇首的数据,有效均衡了整个传感器网络能量消耗,在竞争半径的计算中引入继任能量消耗因子和前任能量消耗因子,使得竞争半径更加合理。并在后续轮次利用节点剩余能量选举下一轮候选簇首,减少了选举候选簇首的能量开销。通过与LEACH和EEUC对比,实验结果表明,NCRP能够有效均衡节点间能耗,大大延长整个网络的存活时间。生存时间较LEACH提升了88.42%,较EEUC提升了34.25%。A non-uniform clustering routing protocol based on dynamic competitive radius(NCRP)is proposed to solve the problem of bad expansibility and unbalanced energy consumption for general wireless sensor networks.The core idea is:The threshold formula of the LEACH protocol was improved by introducing factors such as distance between the node and the base station,the residual energy of nodes,etc.Causing the probability of the node closer the base station becoming candidate cluster head is slightly greater than the node farther from the base station,indirectly producing more cluster heads in the area near the base station for transmitting the data from other cluster heads,the energy consumption of the entire sensor network is balanced effectively,introducing succession energy consumption factor and previous energy consumption factor into the calculation of competition radius,in order to make the competition radius more reasonable.In the subsequent rounds,the remaining energy of the nodes is used to elect the next candidate cluster head,which reduces the energy cost of generating candidate cluster heads.By comparing with LEACH and EEUC,the experimental results show that NCRP can balance nodes’energy consumption effectively and extend the survival time of the entire network greatly.Survival time of the network is 88.42% longer than LEACH and 34.25% longer than EEUC.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 非均匀分簇 分层路由 能量高效 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]