基因编辑犯罪刑罚正当性根据的检视  

A Review of the Justification of Criminal Penalty for Gene Editing

作　　者：葛金芬 Ge Jinfen(The Research Center of Criminal Jurisprudence,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2021年第3期55-64,共10页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

摘　　要：基因编辑风险是现代医学科技发展过程中因“人为决定”而产生的风险,属于风险社会所指的生物安全风险,具有不可预测性、不确定性、人为性等特征。不少国家已经将基因编辑行为作为犯罪加以规制,只是规制范围有所不同。我国刑法对此也予以关注,但是,基于预防导向将风险发展走向不明确的行为犯罪化,就需要说明刑罚的正当性根据,即解释刑罚何以适用于基因编辑行为。分析基因编辑犯罪的刑罚正当性根据,也有利于反思、考察刑法介入的正当性。基因编辑犯罪中,将刑罚积极一般预防作为刑罚正当性根据更加适当。The risk of gene editing is the risk caused by"human decision"in the development of modern medical science and technology.It belongs to the biosafety risk in the risk society,and has the characteristics of unpredictability,uncertainty and artificiality.Many countries have regulated gene editing as a crime,but the scope of regulation is different.China's criminal law also pays attention to this.However,to criminalize a risk based on prevention orientation,we need to explain the justification of penalty,that is,to explain why penalty is applicable to gene editing.The analysis of the justification of criminal punishment of gene editing is also conducive to reflection and investigation of the legitimacy of criminal law intervention.In the crime of gene editing,it is more appropriate to regard the positive general prevention of penalty as the justification of crime.

关 键 词：基因编辑 风险预防 刑罚正当性根据 刑罚积极一般预防 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]