河北省智能奶牛场繁殖水平现状调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis on breeding level of intelligent dairy farms in Hebei Province

作　　者：李欣 余文莉 谷粟琨 刘志勇[4] 赵慧秋 郭伟婷 武二斌 李淑艳 LI Xin;YU Wenli;GU Sukun;LIU Zhiyong;ZHAHuiqiu;GUO Weiting;WU Erbin;LI Shuyan(Shijiazhuang Tianquan Elite Dairy Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;Hebei Dairy Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;Hebei Province Milk Source Work Station,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Tangshan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Tangshan 036000,China;Shijiazhuang Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Shijiazhuang 050500,China;Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Dairy Development Office of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Fengning 068350,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄天泉良种奶牛有限公司,石家庄050200 [2]河北省奶牛良种繁育工程技术研究中心,石家庄050200 [3]河北省奶源工作总站,石家庄050035 [4]唐山市动物疫病预防控制中心,河北唐山036000 [5]石家庄市畜牧技术推广站,石家庄050500 [6]张家口市畜牧技术推广站,河北张家口075000 [7]丰宁满族自治县农业农村局奶业发展办公室,河北丰宁068350

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第9期68-72,77,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018120204);科技研发平台与新型研发机构建设专项(20567687H);奶业振兴重大技术创新专项(19226608D)。

摘　　要：为了了解河北省智能奶牛场在繁殖管理方面的建设成效,系统剖析中小型规模化社会牧场奶牛繁殖水平现状,借助智能化管理系统中的繁殖数据报表,经实地调查和走访,对河北省石家庄、保定、唐山、张家口/承德地区具有代表性的牧场2019年度各项繁殖指标进行了调查统计。结果表明:所调研牧场总体繁殖水平较差,各项繁殖指标与参照标准的差距较大,达标率不足50.00%。对于成母牛参配率(发情揭发率)而言,从季节来看,各季节之间差异不显著(P>0.05);从地区来看,唐山地区显著或极显著高于其他地区(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对于成母牛情期受胎率而言,从季节来看,春季、秋季、冬季显著高于夏季(P<0.05);从地区来看,张家口/承德地区显著高于石家庄、唐山地区(P<0.05)。对于成母牛21天妊娠率而言,从季节来看,春季显著高于夏季(P<0.05);从地区来看,以张家口/承德地区最高,但各地区之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于成母牛妊检(-)比例而言,从季节来看,夏季显著高于春季、冬季(P<0.05);从地区来看,石家庄地区低于其他地区,与唐山地区相比差异显著(P<0.05),与保定地区相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明受地区、季节、繁殖管理等多种因素的影响,造成所调查地区奶牛场成母牛各项繁殖指标与参照标准的差距较大,建议各牧场应根据自身情况设定理想参照标准,采取相应措施,提高成母牛繁殖管理水平。In order to understand the achievements of smart dairy farms in the aspect of breeding management in Hebei Province,and systematically analyze the current situation of dairy cattle breeding level in small and medium-sized social pastures,with the help of breeding data reports derived from intelligent management system,through on-the-spot investigation and visit,the breeding indexes of representative pastures in Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Tangshan and Zhangjiakou/Chengde regions of Hebei Province in 2019 were investigated and counted.The results showed that the overall reproductive level of the investigated pastures was poor,the reproductive indexes were far from the reference standard,and the rate of reaching the standard was less than 50.00%.For the estrus mating rate of adult cows(exposure rate),there was no significant difference among seasons(P>0.05);from the regional point of view,Tangshan was significantly or extremely significantly higher than other areas(P<0.05 or P<0.01).As for the conception rate of adult cows in estrous period,the conception rate in spring,autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in summer(P<0.05);From the regional point of view,Zhangjiakou/Chengde was significantly higher than Shijiazhuang and Tangshan(P<0.05).For the 21-day pregnancy rate of adult cows,from the seasonal point of view,spring was significantly higher than summer(P<0.05);from the regional point of view,Zhangjiakou/Chengde was the highest,but there was no significant difference among regions(P>0.05).For the proportion of pregnant test(-)in adult cows,from the seasonal point of view,the proportion in summer was significantly higher than that in spring and winter(P<0.05);from the regional point of view,the proportion in Shijiazhuang was lower than that in other regions,the difference was significant compared with Tangshan(P<0.05),and the difference was extremely significant compared with Baoding(P<0.01).The results indicated that there was a large gap between the breeding indexes of adult cows and the reference stand

关 键 词：河北省 社会牧场 繁殖水平 繁殖率 智能奶牛场 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]