丛枝菌根真菌对植物根腐病的抑制效应及其机制  

The suppression effect and mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against plant root rot

作　　者：黄咏明[1] 蒋迎春[1] 王志静[1] 宋放 何利刚[1] 田瑞[1] 吴黎明[1] HUANG Yong-ming;JIANG Ying-chun;WANG Zhi-jing;SONG Fang;HE Li-gang;TIAN Rui;WU Li-ming(Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第5期1890-1902,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001400);“农业部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室”开放基金课题(2018ZTSJJ10);湖北省农业科技创新中心创新团队项目(2019-620-000-001-023)资助。

摘　　要：根腐病是一类危害严重的土传病害,常常导致作物产量和品质降低。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌是一类重要的土壤微生物,通过与植物根系建立共生体而发挥重要的生理生态功能。研究表明,AM真菌通过调节宿主植物一系列生理生化响应,诱导植物增强根腐病抗性。当前,利用AM真菌开展根腐病等土传病害的生物防治是植物与微生物互作领域的研究热点。本文全面梳理了AM真菌对宿主植物根腐病病原物的抑制效应,系统总结了AM真菌改变宿主植物根系形态结构、改善植物营养水平、与病原物竞争生态位点、激活植物防御体系、调节根系分泌物等方面的研究结果,分析了AM真菌抑制根腐病危害的作用机制,展望了AM真菌抑制根腐病危害的潜在机制和AM真菌高效利用面临的现实问题,旨在为利用AM真菌开展植物根腐病的生物防治提供理论依据。Root rot is a serious soil-borne disease, with negative consequences on crop yield and quality. Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi are a group of soil microorganisms, which play important physiological and ecological functions by establishing symbionts with plant roots. AM fungi could induce plant resistance against root rot by regulating physiological and biochemical processes. As a biological agent, AM fungi are used to antagonize soil-borne diseases such as root rot, which is a hotspot in the field of plant-microorganism interaction. We comprehensively reviewed the suppression effect of AM fungi on plant root rot, and the effect of AM fungi on root morphology of host plant, plant nutrition levels, as well as their role in competing with pathogens for ecological sites, activating plant defense systems, and regulating root exudates. Finally, we discussed the potential mechanism of AM fungi inhibiting root rot, as well as the practical problems in the efficient utilization of AM fungi were discussed, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the biological control protocol to antagonize root rot with AM fungi.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 根腐病 抑制效应 机制 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学] S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]