神药两解的“斯觉都”:凉山彝族民俗医疗仪式与治疗机理  

“Sijuedu” as a Combination of the Divine and Medicine: Discussions on the Therapeutic Mechanism of a Folk Medical Ritual of the Yi People in Liangshan

作　　者：李小芳[1,2] 王梓安 唐钱华 Li Xiaofang;Wang Zi’an;Tang Qianhua(Xichang College,Xichang,615000,Sichuan;Guangdong PolytechnicNormal University,Guangzhou,510660,Guangdong;College of State Governance,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌学院,四川西昌615000 [2]西南民族大学 [3]广东技术师范大学,广东广州510660 [4]西南大学国家治理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第4期69-79,118,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“民族宗教与国家治理问题研究”(15ZDB123);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地——彝族文化研究中心项目“凉山彝族的疾病认知与分类研究”(YZWH1924);国家民委人文社会科学重点研究基地中国彝学研究中心项目“建国70年凉山彝学研究回顾与展望”(YXJDY1903)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“斯觉都”是凉山彝族民间治疗顽固性皮肤病、风湿病和痨病的民俗医疗仪式,因其治疗效果显著,已成为具有地方性权威的本土医学实践共识。从医学人类学和象征人类学视角分析“斯觉都”借助“神”与“药”的两解方式,揭示其“巫”与“医”的结合过程,从而达到治病救人的医疗效果。“斯觉都”仪式治疗有着深刻的文化寓意与实践价值,一方面通过民俗医疗的疾病解释模式与治疗仪式,患者在族群文化中找到疾病的治疗方法。另一方面,仪式治疗使用的仪式植物,是民众千百年来地方性植物药知识的实践,构成彝族民族药物学理论的重要组成部分。Sijuedu is a traditional folk ritual of the Yi people in Liangshan to treat intractable dermatosis,rheumatism,and tuberculosis.Because of its therapeutic effectiveness,it has gained a local status of a trusted indigenous medical practice.From the perspectives of medical anthropology as well as symbolic anthropology,this paper analyzes how the“Sijuedu”ritual achieves a healing outcome with the combined aid of the“divine”and“medicine”.The“Sijuedu”ritual has a profound cultural essence as well as practical value.On the one hand,because the disease and its treatment are dealt with using a local folk medical treatment,patients can undergo the procedure fully in their ethnic cultural way.On the other hand,the choice of plants used in the ritual originates in local botanical medical science:this has been passed on by the Yi people for thousands of years,constituting an important part of their pharmacology.Related studies of medical anthropology remind us that when we research human health,diseases,medical science,and treatments,we need to take a holistic view:we shouldn't only consider biological aspects but also social and cultural factors of a human being.While talking about the differences between“illness”and“disease”,Arthur Kleinman states that“disease”is often biomedical,while“illness”is the innately human experience of symptoms and suffering.This also means that irrespective of the used treatment,we should examine both the cultural context of the patient and his personal experience of symptoms and suffering.Especially in case of some chronic diseases-that cannot be quickly cured-the torment the patient is suffering may not necessarily only derive from the physical disease,but also from the experience of that illness.The ritual of“Sijuedu”has grown out of the accumulated medical insight of the Yi people as for a long period they had been trying to treat chronic diseases. For this, they combined their understanding of nature, human physique, diseases, et cetera. The case provided

关 键 词：凉山彝族 斯觉都 人类学 医学人类学 象征人类学 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]