多元医疗背景下藏族民众择医实践的人类学分析--以甘孜藏族自治州C村为例  

An Anthropological Analysis of Tibetan People's Medical Practice from the Background of Medical Pluralism-Taking C Village in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as a Case Study

作　　者：张瀝元 Zhang Liyuan(Northwest Ethnic Minority Research Center,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《民族学刊》2021年第4期80-88,119,共10页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“医学人类学视角下的老年人疾痛研究——以肃南裕固族自治县皇城镇为例”(2019jbkyxs031)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：择医实践是指当一个人感到不适,为了证实是否有疾病和为了减少疾痛为目的寻求帮助的行为,是医学人类学研究主要课题之一。由于社会文化背景、地理条件等因素,藏族聚居地区医疗模式显现出多元共存,与之对应,当地民众的择医实践也呈现出一种多元状态。正是由于人们多元择医实践的诉求、固守与调适,才推进着多元医疗模式在发展中适应区域群体的文化变迁、需求改变而日趋完善,由此医疗模式与择医实践形成了互动、互构关系。This paper takes C village in Dege County of the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Ganzi as the field research location.From there we try to analyze in this article the different medical models used in Tibetan areas,plus we will discuss the people's choices of these medical practices.We will see that the relationship between the medical models and patients'choices is interactive and mutually beneficial.Based on the coexistence of multiple medical models in Village C,this paper roughly divides the medical model of Cvillage into two categories:modern medical care and ethnic traditional medical care.Modern medical care-which explains and treats diseases from a biomedical perspectivehas developed rapidly through the power of technology and plays a leading role in the treatment of human diseases in modern society.Traditional ethnic healthcare in Village C includes Tibetan medicine and monastic medicine.The local villagers'practice of healthcare is based on the current implementation of these multiple medical models.As each person's choice of medical practice is different, everyone has their own ways of explaining things, such as treatment effects, side effects, doctorpatient relationship, and scientific level.Following the pluralistic medical model of Village C and the medical practice of the local people, this paper further tries to explore the interactions and mutual benefit between the medical models and the medical choices. Since the ultimate goal of seeking medical treatment is to remedy health challenges of patients, requiring cooperation between the doctors and patients, the diversification of local medical models is determined to some extent by the diversity of local medical practices. It is just because of the creation and expansion of the pluralistic medical models that make the pluralistic medical choices of Tibetan people possible. As a result, the diversified medical models and the people's medical choices form an interactive, mutually constructive, and complementary relationship. While strengthening the d

关 键 词：医学人类学 多元医疗 藏族聚居地区 择医实践 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]