植物新品种保护有利于缩小南北农业生产率差距吗?  

Does the Protection of New Plant Varieties Promote Convergence of Agricultural Productivity Gap Between North and South?

作　　者：张琳琛 董银果[1] ZHANG Linchen;DONG Yinguo(School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2021年第3期56-67,共12页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“SPS措施与农产品质量升级的耦合机制研究”(71673087);“农产品SPS适度保护水平的形成机理与应用策略”(71373154);“产业动态视角下贸易政策和产业政策的协调机制与中国实践”(71573171);上海市浦江学者基金项目“农产品进口与中国SPS保护水平研究”(15PJC048)。

摘　　要：本文通过构建理论模型和经验研究框架探究发展中国家实行植物新品种保护是否有利于收敛其与发达国家间的农业生产率差距。结果发现:发展中国家实行植物新品种保护有利于促进南北农业生产率差距收敛,这意味着植物新品种保护对农业技术转移的积极影响大于对技术溢出的抑制作用;发展中国家遵从UPOV法案、免除育种者特权、扩大专利保护范围对农业生产率追赶存在积极影响,而实行免除农民特权和提高植物品种保护周期会对农业生产率追赶产生一定抑制作用。进一步研究发现,发展中国家植物新品种保护与南北农业生产率差距收敛性之间存在非线性特征,更严格的保护强度会降低农业生产率追赶的边际增长效率。By constructing theoretical model and empirical research framework,this paper explores whether the implementation of protection of new plant varieties in developing countries is conducive to the convergence of agricultural productivity gap between them and developed countries.The results show that:the protection of new plant varieties in developing countries is conducive to the convergence of agricultural productivity gap between the North and the South,which means that the positive impact of protection of new plant varieties on technology transfer is greater than the inhibition on technology spillover.In the developing countries,complying with the UPOV act,exempting breeders’privileges and expanding the scope of patent protection have a positive impact on agricultural productivity catch-up,while exempting farmers’privileges and improving the protection cycle of plant varieties have a certain inhibitory effect on agricultural productivity catch-up.This paper further studies and finds that there is a non-linear characteristic between the protection of new plant varieties and the catch-up of agricultural productivity in the developing countries,and stricter protection intensity will reduce the marginal growth efficiency of agricultural technology catch-up.

关 键 词：植物新品种保护 农业技术转移 粮食安全 谷类作物 农业生产率 动态面板模型 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]