西南山区贫困家庭劳动力转移特征及乡村振兴响应策略  

Characteristics of Labor Transfer of Poverty-stricken Families and Response Strategies for Rural Revitalization in Southwest Mountainous Areas

作　　者：何田 廖和平[1,2] 孙平军 师满江 李涛[1,2] 刘愿理[1] HE Tian;LIAO Heping;SUN Pingjun;SHI Manjiang;LI Tao;LIU Yuanli(School of Geographical Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Center for Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Regional Development Assessment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学精准扶贫与区域发展评估研究中心,重庆400715 [3]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2021年第3期145-150,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：西南大学引进人才项目(SWU019020);教育部人文社科西部项目青年基金项目(20XJCZH005);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900834)。

摘　　要：利用2019年在贵州省关岭县调查的1518份样本数据,对贫困家庭劳动力转移特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:①贫困家庭劳动力转移以男性、中青年为主,文化程度整体偏低,不同民族转移数量差异不明显;劳动力主要转移到省外,占比70.69%;月收入水平集中在2001~3000元和3001~5000元范围内;以转入制造业、建筑业和居民服务业等劳动密集型产业为主,占80.57%;转移时间5年以上的数量最多,约1/3的劳动力转移时间在两年以下;转移途径主要是自己寻找和亲朋介绍。②城乡收入水平差距、受教育程度、家庭耕地资源等因素对劳动力转移产生重要影响,劳动力老龄化、乡土情结等成为阻碍劳动力转移的影响因素。基于转移特征及影响因素分析,从空间、经济、社会3个方面制定乡村发展策略。Based on 1518 sample data surveyed by the research group in Guanling County,Guizhou Province in 2019,this paper analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of labor transfer in poverty-stricken families.The study finds that:(1)The subjects of labor transfer are mainly young and middle-aged males with low educational levels as a whole,and there is no obvious difference in the number of transfers among different ethnicities.Labor is mainly transferred outside the province,accounting for 70.69%.The income level is mainly concentrated in the range of 2001~3000 yuan and 3001~5000 yuan.Transfer to labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing,construction,and residential services accounts for 80.57%;The majority of workers have a transfer time of more than 5 years,and about 1/3 of the labor force has a transfer time of fewer than 2 years.The main method of transfer is to find jobs by oneself or through the network of relatives and friends.(2)The income level gap between urban and rural areas,different educational levels,land resources of households,among others have an important impact on the transfer of labor force,and the aging of the labor force and hometown complex have become the influencing factors hindering the transfer of labor force.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of labor transfer and influencing factors,rural development strategies should be formulated from the perspective of space,economy,society and urban-rural integration.

关 键 词：农村贫困 劳动力转移 贫困家庭 西南山区 乡村振兴 贵州关岭县 

分 类 号：F304.6[经济管理—产业经济]