全球饮用水标准中消毒副产物管控指标对比与启示  

Disinfection By-Product Regulatory Compliance in Global Drinking Water Standards:Comparison and Enlightenment

作　　者：肖融 楚文海[1] XIAO Rong;CHU Wenhai(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第6期1328-1337,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51822808);国家重大科技专项独立课题(No.2017ZX07201005)。

摘　　要：饮用水水质安全是关乎千家万户的重大民生问题,其中消毒工艺是保障饮用水微生物安全不可或缺的重要措施,然而由消毒剂与前体物反应生成的DBPs(消毒副产物)被发现具有潜在的健康风险,如致癌及引起发育副作用等.随着对饮用水中DBPs的重视程度不断提高,世界上多个国家、地区或组织将DBPs指标纳入标准.为对我国饮用水水质标准中DBPs指标的制定和修订提出可参考的建议,比较了国内外饮用水和再生水饮用回用水质标准中的DBPs指标,包括DBPs种类、对应的浓度限值和监测要求等.结果表明:①我国饮用水水质标准中涵盖的DBPs种类较多,其中地方标准相较于国标而言对DBPs指标的要求更为严格,但较少考虑综合性指标(如总有机卤素)和高毒性含氮DBPs(如卤乙腈);②国外多部饮用水水质标准或准则中包含一些无浓度限值规定但已知具有较高健康风险的DBPs,此举可指导有关部门进一步开展浓度调研和毒性试验,为未来水质标准的制定提供参考依据.研究显示,我国饮用水标准中DBPs指标需要考虑综合性指标的选取与管控以及高风险指标的甄别和筛查,另外还需因地制宜加强地方性标准的建设工作.Drinking water safety is a major issue related to the lives of millions of families.Disinfection is an indispensable measure to ensure the microbiological safety of drinking water.However,it is reported that disinfection by-products(DBPs)formed by the reaction of disinfectants with precursors are associated with potential health risks such as cancer and developmental effects.With the growing concern about DBPs in drinking water,many countries,regions and organizations in the world have considered DBPs in their drinking water quality standards.In order to provide suggestions for the formulation and revision of domestic drinking water quality standards related to DBPs,this study compares DBPs regulatory compliance(e.g.,DBP species,regulatory limits or guideline values,monitoring requirements,etc.)mentioned in drinking water standards in China and abroad.The results show that:(1)There are a variety of DBPs in domestic drinking water quality standards.Compared to national standards,local standards have stricter requirements for DBPs,but only a few domestic standards consider collective parameters(e.g.,total organic halogen)and highly toxic DBPs(e.g.,haloacetonitrile).(2)Several foreign standards or guidelines list some DBPs that have no regulatory limits but are known to pose health risks,which can provide guidance for relevant departments to conduct further occurrence surveys and toxicity tests,and make regulatory decisions in the future.As for the enlightenment,it is suggested to select and regulate collective parameters and consider the identification of priority DBPs.Besides,it is necessary to focus on establishing local standards based on local conditions.

关 键 词：消毒副产物 饮用水 再生水饮用回用 水质标准 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]