含锗氧化锌烟尘中有价金属回收利用研究进展  

Research Progress on Recovery and Utilization of Valuable Metals from Zinc Oxide Dust Containing Germanium

作　　者：辛椿福 夏洪应[1,2,3] 张利波 张奇[1,2,3] 严恒 张威 曾抗庆[1,2,3] XIN Chunfu;XIA Hongying;ZHANG Libo;ZHANG Qi;YAN Heng;ZHANG Wei;ZENG Kangqing(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming 650093,China;The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy,Ministry of Education,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]云南省特种冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]非常规冶金教育部重点实验室,昆明650093

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2021年第6期66-74,共9页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：云南省基础研究专项重点项目(202001AS070009);云南省万人计划产业技术领军人才(云发改人事〔2019〕1096号);云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才计划(云人社发[2018]73号)。

摘　　要：锗在半导体、航空航天测控、核物理探测等许多高科技领域都有广泛而重要的应用。氧化锌烟尘是铅、锌冶炼企业产生的工业固体废渣,其中的锗具有很高的回收利用潜力,是国内外的研究热点。概述了锗在氧化锌烟尘中的赋存状态与提取现状。系统综述了国内外氧化锌烟尘中锗提取回收方法的研究进展,阐述了常压酸浸法、加压酸浸法、超声波强化酸浸法和微波预处理法的基本原理,并从工艺路线的适用性、反应条件的控制、锗回收提取效率以及能耗与成本等角度,分析了不同方法存在的优点和缺点。提出在氧化锌烟尘的浸出过程中,同时实现浸出烟尘中的难溶物质,高效浸出烟尘中的锌、锗并同步控制溶液中铁的价态,深入研究强化浸出机理、简化生产工艺、降低生产成本,是未来锌锗回收的发展方向。Germanium,an important metal,is widely used in many high-tech fields,such as semiconductor,aerospace measurement and control,nuclear physical detection,etc.Zinc oxide dust is an industrial solid waste produced by lead-zinc smelting enterprises.Germanium in zinc oxide dust has considerable recycling potential and is a research focus at home and abroad.In this paper,the occurrence state and extraction status of germanium in zinc oxide dust are reviewed.The research progress of germanium extraction and recovery methods from zinc oxide dust at home and abroad was systematically reviewed.The basic principles of atmospheric pressure acid leaching,pressure acid leaching,ultrasonic strengthening acid leaching and microwave pretreatment were described.The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were pointed out from the applicability of process routes,control of reaction conditions,recovery and extraction efficiency of germanium,energy consumption and cost.It is suggested that in the leaching process of zinc oxide dust,the refractory substances in the dust can be leach at the same time,so that the zinc and germanium can be leached efficiently and the iron valence state in the solution can be controlled synchronously.Further study on the mechanism of strengthening leaching,simplifying the production process and reducing the production cost are the development direction of zinc and germanium recovery in the future.

关 键 词：氧化锌烟尘 锗 回收利用 研究进展 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]