高强循环磁场对低浓度铜离子溶液电沉积的强化机制  

Enhancement mechanism of high strength circulating magnetic field on electrodeposition of low concentration copper ion solution

作　　者：郑本明 陈彦广[1] 钱国余 公旭中[2,3] 王志 ZHENG Ben-ming;CHEN Yan-guang;QIAN Guo-yu;GONG Xu-zhong;WANG Zhi(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,Heilongjiang,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology,Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所湿法冶金与清洁生产技术国家工程实验室,中科院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《矿冶》2021年第3期109-115,122,共8页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51934006);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901801)。

摘　　要：锂电池正极材料湿法回收过程中,因多金属浸出液的低浓度铜离子污染,造成有价金属回收工艺复杂以及二次废渣污染的共性问题。针对低浓度铜离子电沉积过程反应与传递受限造成的电沉积效率低问题,采用傅里叶显微红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)等微结构检测方法研究了高强循环磁场对低浓度铜离子溶液电沉积的强化机制。结果表明,循环磁场可通过对水团簇与水合粒子结构形态的调控,提高扩散层离子传递速率与电沉积效率;在3 h预磁化时间内,电解液磁感应强度由0增加到3 T,DDAA(双质子双受体)型氢键结构破坏能力提高,0.01 mol/L CuSO4溶液与水黏度比(η/η0)由1.0197降低到0.9614,电沉积效率提升12.9%;在3 T高磁感应强度下,预磁化时间由0到24 h,0.01 mol/L CuSO4溶液与水黏度比(η/η0)由1.0197降低到0.9486,电沉积效率提升17.6%。电解质通过磁场磁化后,溶液中水分子与离子由于产生不同的感生磁场,溶液氢键数量减低,水合团簇减小,水合粒子半径降低,所以强化了扩散层传质过程,提高电沉积效率。In the process of hydrometallurgical recovery of cathode materials for lithium batteries,the low concentration of copper ions in the leaching solution of multi metals pollutes the cathode materials.It often leads to the common problems of complex valuable metal recovery process and secondary waste residue pollution.In order to solve the problem of low deposition efficiency caused by limited reaction and transfer in low concentration copper ion electrodeposition process Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR ),Raman spectroscopy (Raman )and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis )were used to detect the microstructure.The enhancement mechanism of high strength cyclic magnetic field on electrodeposition of low concentration copper ion solution was studied.The results show that the cyclic magnetic field can improve the ion transfer rate and electrodeposition efficiency of the diffusion layer by regulating the structure and morphology of water clusters and hydrated particles.In the 3 h pre magnetization time,magnetic flux density of electrolyte increased from 0 to 3 T,the ability to destroy DDAA (double donor-double acceptor )type hydrogen bond structure increased,the viscosity ratio ( η / η 0 )of 0.01 mol/L CuSO 4 solution to water decreased from 1.019 7 to 0.961 4,and the electrodeposition efficiency increased by 12.9%.Under 3 T high magnetic flux density,the viscosity ratio of 0.01 mol/L CuSO 4 solution to water (η/η 0 )decreased from 1.019 7 to 0.948 6,and the electrodeposition efficiency increased by 17.6%.When the electrolyte was magnetized by magnetic field,the water molecules and ions in the solution produced different induced magnetic fields.As a result,the number of hydrogen bonds,the number of hydrated clusters and the radius of hydrated particles were reduced,so the mass transfer process in the diffusion layer was strengthened and the electrodeposition efficiency was improved.When the electrolyte was magnetized by magnetic field,the water molecules and ions in the solution produced different

关 键 词：锂电池回收 湿法提取 低浓度铜离子溶液 循环磁场 电沉积 

分 类 号：TF803.27[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] O646[理学—物理化学]