荒漠植物柽柳抗逆机制的研究进展  

Research Progress in the Stress Tolerance Mechanisms of Desert Plant Tamarix spp.

作　　者：李彩霞 兰海燕[1] LI Cai-xia;LAN Hai-yan(College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,Urumqi 830046)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2021年第5期128-140,共13页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960037)。

摘　　要：柽柳是广泛分布于荒漠地区的一种极其耐旱、耐盐的多年生灌木。在长期进化过程中,柽柳在形态结构、生理生化及分子生物学等不同层面形成了多种适应性特征,从而适应极端环境。柽柳在种子萌发阶段的特殊机制使其种群得以成功繁衍;为了适应复杂的荒漠环境,柽柳叶片退化成鳞片状,茎叶表面布满盐腺,发育出极其发达的根系,进而在形态结构方面做出相应的适应性改变,并协同渗透调节、抗氧化、高光效等多种生理途径,以及逆境响应信号途径和相关基因的表达调控,共同应对环境胁迫。主要从种子特性、植株形态结构、抗逆生理及分子生物学调控等水平对柽柳适应逆境的机制进行综合论述及展望,以期为柽柳适应机制的深入探索提供参考依据。Tamarix is an extremely drought and salt tolerant perennial shrub widely distributed in desert regions.In the long-term evolution,Tamarix has developed various adaptive characteristics at different levels,including morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and molecular biology,which help Tamarix adapt to extreme environments.The special mechanism at germination stage allows population to reproduce successfully;the leaves degenerate as scales,large amounts of salt glands are distributed on the surface of leaf and stem,and flourishing root system is developed,and the corresponding adaptive changes in the morphological structure occunred;in addition,it is based on different physiological responses,e.g.osmoregulation,antioxidation,higher photosynthetic efficiency,and molecular signaling pathways combining with related gene expression regulation to cope with environmental stresses.Based on the current progress in Tamarix research work in this paper,we discussed the mechanisms of Tamarix in adaptation to stresses,and prospected from seed characteristics,plant morphological structure,physiological regulation and molecular biology of stress resistance in Tamarix,by which we expect to provide evidence for further exploitation of Tamarix adaptive strategy.

关 键 词：柽柳 耐旱 耐盐 盐腺 种子特性 

分 类 号：S793.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]