生态种植势在必行:创建功能性的系统,而非程式化的生态  

Ecological Planting Imperative:Functional Systems, Not Stylized Ecologies

作　　者：托马斯·雷纳 田乐(翻译) 李思佳(翻译) Thomas RAINER;Tina TIAN;LI Sijia(Phyto Studio;不详)

机构地区：[1]Phyto Studio设计工作室,VA 22204,USA [2]不详

出　　处：《景观设计学（中英文）》2021年第1期112-119,共8页Landscape Architecture Frontiers

摘　　要：通过创建由植物构成的人工生态系统,景观设计项目得以缓解气候变化的严峻影响。尽管人们普遍认识到了生态学对于景观塑造的重要性,但景观设计专业人士却普遍缺乏构建稳定植物系统的知识和实践技能,因此迫切需要探索种植设计的新方法和新工具。本文概述了城市环境下高生物多样性植物系统的设计原理和方法,着重介绍了可提升物种丰富度、功能多样性和空间复杂性,有助于构造更具韧性的植物景观的设计方法。种植设计中选择那些对胁迫、干扰和竞争表现出相似适应性状的物种,以及构建由多样化植物形态构成的多层次组合,将有助于建构具有兼容性、长期稳定的植物组合。为平衡多种植物组合带来的视觉复杂性,本文结合美国华盛顿特区Phyto设计工作室的案例与研究和实践经验,探讨了提升景观效果的种植设计策略。这些方法总结于作者探讨如何创建人工植物群落的著作—《后荒野世界的种植设计》一书。The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems.These systems will be built with plants.Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes,the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems.New approaches and tools are required.This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites.Planting methods that increase species richness,functional diversity,and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings.Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress,disturbance,and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible,long-lived plant mixes.To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes,the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public.The strategies explored here are based on the projects,experience,and research of Phyto Studio,a Washington,D.C.based studio.The methods build on work described in the author’s book,Planting in a Post-Wild World,an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.

关 键 词：生态种植 种植设计 植物群落 生物多样性 多样植物系统 种植策略体系 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]