疫情之下非正规就业的“超不稳定性”及主体应对——以北京市月嫂为例  

The“Hyper Precarity”of Informal Employment Under the COVID-19 Pandemic and Workers’Coping Strategies:Taking Postpartum Doulas in Beijing as an Example

作　　者：邢朝国[1] XING Chao-guo(Department of Sociology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学社会学系,北京100083

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2021年第3期37-52,共16页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：项飙主持的凯风公益基金会项目“凯风沙龙·疫情下的流动生计”。

摘　　要：本文以北京市月嫂为研究对象,分析新冠肺炎疫情期间月嫂非正规就业的不稳定性及其主体应对。研究发现,在疫情与非正规就业的交叉影响下,月嫂的生计处于超不稳定状态,突出表现在流动、居住、工作三个层面。对此,月嫂通过“协同稳定化”和“自我稳定化”两类策略予以应对。“协同稳定化”包括服从中介公司安排,做一个“听话的月嫂”,与公司保持良好的关系;与客户协商,消除工作空档期,实现下户上户无缝衔接。“自我稳定化”体现为月嫂避免疫情感染风险的跨省流动以及暂时退出工作。研究表明,这两类应对策略不仅不能真正化解疫情驱动的“超不稳定性”,还会给月嫂带来新的不稳定性,导致月嫂对中介公司的依赖性增强、自主性下降。作为一项特定时空下的经验研究,本文丰富了非正规就业不稳定性的理论阐释,并且呈现出女性劳动者的经验及其能动性。This paper analyzes informal employment's precarity and worker's coping strategies during the COVID-19 based on in-depth interviews with postpartum doulas in Beijing.This study finds that the precarity of postpartum doulas'informal employment is magnified under the intersection of the pandemic and informal employment,and is manifested at three levels:mobility,residence and work.Postpar-turn doulas tried to adopt two strategies to cope with the precarity,which are“resolving uncertainties through collaboration”and“resol-ving uncertainties by self-withdrawal”.The former is manifested by obeying arrangements made by intermediary companies and acting as an obedient postpartum doula.The latter is reflected in postpartum doulas'decisions to avoid dangerous inter-provincial mobility through temporary withdrawal from work.However,these strategies can^really help resolving the 44hyper precarityM driven by the pandemic.Moreover,these strategies may increase postpartum doulas'dependence on intermediary companies and decrease their autonomy.As an empirical study undertaken in a specific period and space,the paper enriches an understanding of the precarity of informal employment,with respect to women workers’experience and agency.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 非正规就业 超不稳定性 月嫂 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]