3种金花茶花芽分化进程及形态学特征比较  

Process of Flowering Bud Differentiation and Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Three Species in Yellow Camellia

作　　者：喇燕菲 肖丽梅 黄涵 张进忠[1] 孙明艳 王翊 LA Yan-fei;XIAO Li-mei;HUANG Han;ZHANG Jin-zhong;SUN Ming-yan;WANG Yi(Flowers Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Guangxi Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院花卉研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第5期977-983,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(No.2017JJB130324);南宁市重点研发计划项目(No.20182005-1);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT134)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析金花茶(Camellia petelotii)、四季金花茶(C.perpetua)和淡黄金花茶(C.flavida)花芽分化进程及形态特征,明确其开花特性,为金花茶类植物的长花期育种提供参考依据。【方法】对3种金花茶花芽分化过程进行动态拍摄,解剖观察其各阶段花芽的外部形态,并通过改良石蜡切片技术观察花芽分化不同时期的结构特征。【结果】金花茶花芽分化持续66 d,四季金花茶花芽分化持续30 d,淡黄金花茶花芽分化持续43 d。四季金花茶和金花茶花芽分化不同步,其中,金花茶在5-8月均有花芽陆续分化,四季金花茶全年均有花芽分化。在3种金花茶花芽分化过程中,花芽的横径与花芽分化所处阶段密切相关,可根据花芽横径大小判断花芽所处分化阶段。依据花芽解剖结构的差异和形态特征,可将3种金花茶花芽分化过程分为未分化期、分化初期、苞片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期和子房形成期7个时期。【结论】金花茶、四季金花茶和淡黄金花茶的花芽分化过程相似,但四季金花茶花芽分化速度最快,存在明显的重叠分化现象,可为金花茶类植物育种、园林应用和研究其开花调控机制提供形态学依据。【Objective】The process of flower bud differentiation and the development of morphological features in Camellia petelotii,C.perpetua and C.flavida were analyzed and the flowering characteristics of yellow Camellia was identified in order to provide a reference for the long-flowering breeding of Yellow Camellia.【Method】The process of flower bud differentiation of three species of yellow Camellia were dynamically photographed,anatomical observation were made on external morphological features of flower buds at different differentiation stages,and the structural characteristics of flower bud differentiation in different periods were observed by modified paraffin section technique.【Result】The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of C.petelotii lasted 66 days,that of C.perpetua lasted 30 days and that of C.flavida lasted 43 days.Flower bud differentiation of C.perpetua and C.petelotii were out of sync.The flower bud of C.petelotii differentiated from May to August,and that of C.perpetua differentiated all year.According to the statistics,the transverse diameter of flower bud was closely related to the stage of flower bud differentiation of three species of yellow Camellia and which could be used to judging the differentiation of flower buds.According to the differences of flower bud anatomical structure and the changes of morphological characteristics,the process of flower bud differentiation in three species of yellow Camellia were divided into seven stages:undifferentiated stage,early differentiation stage,bract differentiation stage,petal differentiation stage,stamens differentiation stage,pistil differentiation stage,ovary formation stage.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the process of flower bud differentiation in C.petelotii,C.perpetua and C.flavida was basically the same,however,C.perpetua had the fastest rate of differentiation and had obvious overlapping differentiation.This study provides morphological basis for breeding,garden application and flower regulation mechanism of

关 键 词：金花茶 花芽分化 开花特性 形态学特征 解剖观察 

分 类 号：S685.14[农业科学—观赏园艺]