职业性铅接触对作业人员血铅和肝功能及血常规的影响  

Effects of occupational lead exposure on blood lead, liver function and blood routine of workers

作　　者：叶海波 朱慧 革少红 张雯雯 YE Hai-bo;ZHU Hui;GE Shao-hong;ZHANG Wen-wen(Xiangyang Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital«Xiang yang 441021,China)

机构地区：[1]襄阳市职业病防治院,湖北襄阳441021

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2021年第3期193-196,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解职业性铅接触人员血铅水平和血常规及肝功能状况,分析其影响因素。方法以某铅酸蓄电池厂1 449名铅接触者为研究对象进行问卷调查及职业健康检查,收集作业人员基础信息并进行数据分析。结果职业性铅接触工人血铅水平在10~770μg/L,平均为170.5μg/L,血铅异常率为8.2%,≥5 a工龄组ALT升高率高于<5 a工龄组(P<0.01)。≥5 a工龄组血铅异常率高于<5 a工龄组(P<0.01)。女性Hb降低率高于男性(P<0.01)。男性ALT升高率高于女性(P<0.01)。男性血铅异常率高于女性(P<0.01)。<40岁年龄组Hb降低率高于≥40岁年龄组(P<0.05)。不同血铅水平组的Hb降低率在4.0%~8.9%,血铅水平<100μg/L组Hb降低率高于300~400μg/L组高于>400μg/L组高于200~300μg/L组高于100~200μg/L组(P<0.05)。女性铅作业人员Hb降低的风险是男性铅作业人员的4.2倍(P<0.01)。男性铅作业人员ALT升高的风险是女性铅作业人员的5.6倍(P<0.01),接害工龄为≥5 a的铅作业人员ALT升高的风险是接害工龄<5 a铅作业人员的1.8倍(P<0.01)。接害工龄为≥5 a的铅作业人员血铅异常的风险是接害工龄<5 a铅作业人员的2.2倍(P<0.01)。结论职业性铅接触者随工龄增加ALT升高率增加;体内血铅水平增加,女性血红蛋白降低率高于男性;体内血铅水平对ALT影响不明显。Objective To understand the blood lead level, blood routine and liver function of occupational lead exposed workers, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey and occupational health examination were conducted among 1449 lead-acid battery workers. The basic information of workers was collected and the data were analyzed. Results The blood lead level of workers exposed to occupational lead ranged from 10 to 770 μg/L,with an average of 170.5 μg/L. The abnormal rate of blood lead was 8.2%. The elevation rate of ALT in 5 a-working age group was higher than that in < 5 aworking age group(P< 0.01). The abnormal rate of blood lead in 5 a-working age group was higher than that in <5 a-working age group(P< 0.01). The decrease rate of Hb in females was higher than that in males(P< 0.01). The increase rate of ALT in males was higher than that in females(P<0.01). The abnormal rate of blood lead in male was higher than that in female(P<0.01). The decrease rate of Hb in the group aged <40 years old was higher than that in the group aged <40 years old(P<0.05). The reduction rate of Hb in different blood lead levels ranged from 4.0% to 8.9%. The decrease rate of Hb in the group with blood lead level less than 100 μg/L was higher than that in the group with 300-400 μg/L,higher than that in the group with 400 μg/L,higher than that in the group with 200-300 μg/L and higher than that in the group with 100-200 μg/L(P<0.05). The risk of reducing Hb in female lead workers was 4.2 times higher than that in male lead workers(P<0.01). The risk of ALT elevation in male lead workers was 5.6 times higher than that in female lead workers(P<0.01). The risk of ALT elevation was 1.8 times higher in lead workers exposed to lead for 5 years or more than that of lead workers exposed to lead for less than 5 years(P<0.01). The risk of blood lead abnormality in lead exposed workers over 5 years old was 2.2 times higher than that in lead exposed workers below 5 years old(P<0.01).Conclusions The increase rate of ALT a

关 键 词：职业性铅接触 血铅 肝功能 血常规 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]