基于摄影测量的飞机工装关键特征实时估算方法  

Method of Vision-based Real-time Monitoring for Key Features of Aircraft Tooling

作　　者：刘坤 梁冰 陈启航 欧阳瑞斌 刘巍[1] LIU Kun;LIANG Bing;CHEN Qihang;OUYANG Ruibin;LIU Wei(College of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《新技术新工艺》2021年第5期30-37,共8页New Technology & New Process

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0703304);大连市科技创新基金项目(2020JJ25CY005);辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划项目(XLYC1807086);辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划项目(XLYC1801008);高层次人才创新支持计划项目(2019CT01)。

摘　　要：飞机装配是飞机研制的重要阶段,其精准执行是飞机服役性能与结构安全的重要保障。飞机工装作为装配过程的定位基准,其各定位器的关键轴线、形面位置等几何特征高精监测对于提高飞机装配质量至关重要。然而,受限、遮挡的测量环境直接导致关键几何特征难以实时高精监测。针对飞机装配过程中,工装定位器关键几何特征实时监测困难问题,提出了一种基于摄影测量有限监测信息的工装定位器关键几何特征实时估算的方法。在飞机装配过程中工装定位器的可视区域布置摄影测量监测点,并实时获取其空间坐标信息;通过工装定位器离线标定,建立监测点与工装定位器关键几何特征的几何结构模型;并在实际装配过程中,基于监测点三维坐标和离线标定的几何结构模型,实现工装定位器关键几何特征实时高精估算。面向飞机平尾升降舵装配过程中工装铰链孔定位器关键几何特征的实时估算,定位轴线同轴度误差<∅0.056 mm,定位平面位置度误差<0.083 mm,估算时间<1.5 s。结果表明,该方法兼具精度与效率,可为飞机装配中定位器关键几何特征实时高精检测提供有效的技术手段。Aircraft assembly was an important stage of aircraft development,and the precise execution was an important guarantee for aircraft performance and structural safety in service.Aircraft tooling was the positioning benchmark in the assembly process,and the high-precision monitoring of the geometric features of the positioners,such as the key axis and shape surface positions,was very important to improve the assembly quality of the aircraft.However,the limited and occluded measurement environment directly leaded to the difficulty of real-time high-precision monitoring of key geometric features.Aimed at the difficulty of real-time monitoring the key geometric features of the tooling positioner in the process of aircraft assembly,a real-time estimation method of the key geometric features of the tooling positioner based on the limited monitoring information of photogrammetry was proposed.In the process of aircraft assembly,photogrammetric monitoring points were arranged in the detectable area of the tooling positioner and its spatial coordinate information was acquired in real time.Through the off-line calibration of the tooling positioner,the geometric structure model of the monitoring points and the key geometric features of the tooling positioner were established.In the actual assembly process,based on the three-dimensional coordinates of monitoring points and the geometric structure model calibrated off-line,the real-time high-precision estimation of the key geometric features of the tooling positioner was realized.facing at real-time estimation of the key geometric features of the hinge hole positioner in the assembly process of aircraft flat tail elevator,the positioning axis coaxiality error was less than∅0.056 mm,the positioning plane position error was less than 0.083 mm,the estimated time was less than 1.5s.The results showed that this method had both accuracy and efficiency,and could provide an effective technical means for real-time high-precision detection of the key geometric features of the positioner

关 键 词：摄影测量 飞机装配工装 特征拟合 最小二乘法 离线关系模型 在线检测 

分 类 号：TP212.1[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] V262.4[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]