冬奥会雪场医疗站和近地医疗保障医院在滑雪运动伤救治体系中的作用  

Role of ski injury treatment system between the ski resort medical station of Winter Olympics and the nearby medical care hospital

作　　者：杨渝平[1,2] 马骁[1] 陈拿云 蒋艳芳[1] 张晓伟[2] 丁中伟 刘涛[2] 敖英芳[1] YANG Yu-ping;MA Xiao;CHEN Na-yun;JIANG Yan-fang;ZHANG Xiao-wei;DING Zhong-wei;LIU Tao;AO Ying-fang(Department of Sports Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Sports Medicine,Chongli Hospital,Peking University Third Hospital,Zhangjiakou 076350,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院运动医学科,北京大学运动医学研究所,运动医学关节伤病北京市重点实验室,北京100191 [2]北京大学第三医院崇礼院区运动医学科,河北张家口076350

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2021年第3期580-585,共6页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

基　　金：2018年和2019年国家科技部“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0301100、2019YFF0302305);2020年张家口市科技冬奥技术集成应用与综合示范专题项目(20110004D)。

摘　　要：目的:对中国崇礼万龙滑雪场的医疗站和最近救治医院救治滑雪受伤者的情况和流程进行回顾性分析,为建立和优化冬奥会雪场医疗站和最近救治医院之间的救治流程提供依据,为群众滑雪运动的医疗保障提供经验。方法:收集崇礼万龙雪场医疗站2018-2019雪季(2018年11月—2019年4月)和最近救治医院的两个时间段(2019年3月和2019年11月—2020年1月)收治的所有崇礼区滑雪受伤者的资料,分析受伤者不同的受伤原因、损伤类型和受伤部位等情况及治疗效果。结果:万龙雪场医疗站共记录滑雪损伤者755例,日损伤发生率为2.02‰,最近救治医院共救治838例来自崇礼不同雪场的滑雪受伤者。雪场医疗站的记录中,受伤原因以技术缺陷与失误(53.6%)为主,膝关节受伤比例最高(18.7%),其次为头颈部(12.9%)和下肢(11.9%),中级道上受伤人数最多(40.0%),参加滑雪运动的年限小于5年者最多(81.2%)。救治医院的记录中,损伤类型以骨折或裂隙性骨折、挫伤+外伤、肌肉软组织损伤占据前三位,分别占30.5%、27.4%和21.2%。9.6%的受伤者由雪场救护车转运至医院,其中50%的受伤者为骨折或裂隙性骨折。结论:2018-2019雪季崇礼万龙雪场的滑雪受伤率高于国外文献报道,严重创伤也时有发生(包括严重骨折和脑震荡等),需要转运到最近的救治医院治疗。雪场医疗站和最近救治医院都应加强建设,配备足够的医疗人员和设备,并且在重伤患者的及时转诊、滑雪巡逻队的组织建设和大型赛事的医疗保障等方面加强协同工作,以便在形成我国滑雪运动医疗保障与救治体系基层网络方面发挥重要作用。Objective:To make a retrospective analysis of the situation and process of treating skiers’injuries in the medical station of the Wanlong ski resort in Chongli and the nearest treatment hospital,and to provide a basis for the establishment and optimization of the treatment process between the medical station of the Winter Olympics ski resort and the nearest treatment hospital,and to gain experience for medical security of mass skiing.Methods:The data of all ski injuries in Chongli District were collected from the medical station of the Wanlong ski resort during the 2018-2019 snow season(November 2018 to April 2019)and the nearest treatment hospital during two periods(March 2019,and November 2019 to January 2020).The differences of injury causes,injury types,injury sites,and treatment effects of the injured skiers were analyzed.Results:A total of 755 cases of ski injuries were recorded in the medical station of Wanlong ski resort,the estimated incidence of injury was 2.02‰per day.The nearest treatment hospital treated a total of 838 injured skiers from different ski resorts in Chongli District in the two periods.In the records of the ski resort medical station,the main causes of injury were technical defects and turnovers(53.6%).Knee joint injury rate was the highest(18.7%),followed by head and neck(12.9%)and lower limb(11.9%).The number of injuries on intermediate roads was the highest(40.0%),the greatest number of injuries(81.2%)occurred when the age of skiing was less than 5 years.In the records of the nearest treatment hospital,the injury types were fracture or fissure fracture,contusion and trauma,and muscle and soft tissue injury,accounting for 30.5%,27.4%,and 21.2%respectively.9.6%of the injured took the snow field ambulance to the hospital,and 50%of them suffered from fractures or fissure fractures.Conclusion:The injury rate of skiing in the 2018-2019 snow season of the Wanlong ski resort in Chongli was higher than that reported by foreign literature.Severe trauma(including severe fractures and concuss

关 键 词：滑雪 运动损伤 急救医疗服务 医院快速反应小组 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]