新中国解决陆地边界问题的国际法实践  

China’s International Law Practice on the Settlement of Land Boundary Issues since the Founding of the PRC in 1949

作　　者：周健[1] ZHOU Jian(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2021年第3期5-40,共36页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：1949年新中国成立之际,中国与当时的12个陆上邻国之间多少都存在着历史遗留的领土边界问题,几乎没有一条边界是确定的。自此,中国奉行和平外交政策,通过双边谈判同现在的14个邻国中的12个国家签订了边界条约、协定和议定书,全长21100多公里的陆地边界线中有90%以上得以划定和勘定。在此过程中,中国始终奉行和平共处五项原则,为解决边界问题确立了两个基本目标,即维护领土主权,保持一条确定的、清晰标示的、安全的和稳定的边界线,同时促进同邻国的友好合作关系。国际法及其基本原则、一般规则和特殊制度在划界、勘界和边界联检过程中得到了充分和适当的运用。在国际法基础上,中国与有关邻国一起不仅发展了包括划界、勘界、日常管理和定期联检等事务一整套确立和保持清晰稳定边界的程序,而且建立了关于边界管理制度、跨境合作等事务的法律制度,由此把边界线和边境地区转变为友谊的桥梁和次区域、区域合作的纽带和节点。On 1 October 1949,when the PRC was founded,none of the boundaries between China and its 12 neighbors was clearly delimited.The territorial and boundary issues deeply rooted in and left over from history remained unresolved.Since then,China had concluded through bilateral negotiations boundary treaties,agreements and protocols with 12 of its 14 neighbors on land.Over 90%of China’s land boundary line totaling about 2,1100 km were delimited and demarcated.During this process,China,in light of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence,pursued two objectives,namely,to safeguard its territorial sovereignty by maintaining a definite,clearly demarcated,secure and stable boundaries,and to develop friendly relations and cooperation with its neighbors.International law,including the general principles,basic rules and specific regimes,was duly and appropriately applied in the delimitation,demarcation and inspection of the boundaries.On the basis of international law,China has established together with its neighboring countries a comprehensive legal regime on delimitation,demarcation,daily management and periodic inspection of boundaries.It has also developed legal regimes on boundary and border management and transboundary cooperation,which ensure that the States concerned can transform the boundary lines,frontiers and borderlands into bridges of friendship and belts and connecting points of sub-regional and regional cooperation.

关 键 词：中国实践 陆地边界 和平解决争端 边界谈判 划界 勘界 边界联合检查 

分 类 号：D823[政治法律—政治学] D993.2[政治法律—外交学]