环境中微塑料研究进展与展望  

Research progresses and prospects of microplastics in the environment

作　　者：骆永明[1,3] 施华宏[2] 涂晨[3] 周倩[3] 季荣[4] 潘响亮 徐向荣[6] 吴辰熙[7] 安立会[8] 孙晓霞[9] 何德富[10] 李艳芳[3] 马旖旎 李连祯[3] Yongming Luo;Huahong Shi;Chen Tu;Qian Zhou;Rong Ji;Xiangliang Pan;Xiangrong Xu;Chenxi Wu;Lihui An;Xiaoxia Sun;Defu He;Yanfang Li;Yini Ma;Lianzhen Li(CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京210008 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,烟台264003 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,上海200241 [4]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210023 [5]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310014 [6]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301 [7]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [8]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [9]中国科学院海洋研究所胶州湾海洋生态系统研究站,青岛266071 [10]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第13期1547-1562,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877142,41991330,41876129);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC015);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402202)资助。

摘　　要：环境微塑料污染正成为整个地球表层生态系统最严重的威胁之一,受到世界多国政府的严重关切和科技界多学科的广泛研究.本文从地球科学、化学、生物学、管理学等多学科角度,系统综述了水、土、气、沉积物、生物等环境介质中微塑料的丰度分布和来源、分离与分析方法、陆海空迁移与预测、表面变化与吸附特征、生物吸收积累与生态风险、食物链传递与健康风险、降解与削减等方面的国内外研究进展,并展望了环境微塑料未来研究方向与关键科学问题,旨在促进环境微塑料污染的研究与治理.The term"microplastics"(MPs)refers to fine plastics less than 5 mm in size and includes primary sources from the original production of small-sized particles and secondary sources from the degradation or fragmentation of large plastics.MPs have been widely detected in marine(estuaries,bays,coastal zones,deep seas,ocean waters and sediments),soils(farmlands,urban soils,wetlands,landfill and polar areas),freshwater(lakes,rivers,reservoirs,snow and ice,and sewage treatment plants)and sediments,atmosphere(outdoor and indoor airs),living organisms(plants,animals,microorganisms,human and pet faeces),and foods(table salts,drinking waters,beers,vegetables and pet foods).Besides,MPs could be acted as the vector for many environmental pollutants,pathogens and even antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).Moreover,MPs can be taken up by various terrestrial and aquatic organisms and transfer along the food chain at various trophic levels.Thus,environmental MP pollution is becoming one of the most serious threats to the Earth’s surface ecosystems which has attracted serious concern and extensive research by many governments and the scientific community worldwide.Up to now,comprehensive studies and reports on the latest multidisciplinary research progress on microplastics in multiple environmental media remain limited.From the perspectives of earth sciences,chemistry,biology,and management,this article systematically reviews the research progress on the abundance,distribution and sources of microplastics in the waters,soils,atmosphere,sediments and organisms;the separation and analytical methods of microplastics in multiple environmental media;the migration and prediction of microplastics in terrestrial,marine and atmospheric environments;the surface changes and biofilm formation on microplastics and their adsorption characterization of environmental pollutants,pathogens and ARGs;the biological uptake,accumulation and ecological risks of MPs;the food chain transfer and health risks of MPs;the physico-chemical fragmentation and biod

关 键 词：微塑料 环境介质 环境行为 生态风险 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]